Thread is moving a bit fast, so I'll pick one item that I am personally familiar with. The longbow.
D&D longbow can reach 100 feet per range increment, or 1500 feet maximum (10 increments, x1.5 for that feat which gives extra range).
Archery - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Quote:
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in 1795 Mahmoud Effendi, a secretary at the Turkish Embassy in London, made a shot of 482 yards on Finsbury Fields, and reportedly apologised for an indifferent performance by Turkish standards.
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That's comparable to D&D longbow limits. Of course, he also claimed it was a sub-par performance.
Flight Archery Introduction
(pdf linked from this page)
World record is 1222 metres (4009 feet). This knocks the D&D longbow out of the water.
If I have time and inclination, I may debunk some other stuff later.