I think moreso than the damage type, elemental attacks should carry riders to express how they are different from each other:
Air: Thunder damage, push/pull rider; obscures vision
Fire: Fire damage, aflame rider; heat aura
Earth: magical Bludgeoning, restrain rider; creates obstacles
Water: Cold, drenched rider; possible drowning
DRENCHED
You are dripping wet and slippery
- The target has disadvantage against saves vs. Lightning damage
- If the target moves more than half their speed or dashes, they must make a Dexterity save (using the original DC) or fall prone
- If you suffer a critical hit or fumble, you drop any held items
- The target has advantage to escape a grapple