Here's a firsthand account of part of the original Blackmoor game, written by Greg Svenson, one of Dave Arneson's players:
http://home.tampabay.rr.com/gsvenson/svenny.html
Dave Arneson's site also has a few articles about the history of roleplaying:
http://www.jovianclouds.com/blackmoor/ori.html
Someone posted these dates as a timeline of what was going with D&D in the seventies. That blog has since been deleted, but I did manage to recover the list for you. For your research, Blackmoor, Greyhawk, and El Raja Key are good places to start. Tons of later modules were pulled out of levels to those dungeons (Maure Castle, Dungeonland, Lost Caverns of Tsojcanth, etc)
1971
1. Castle Blackmoor (Dave Arneson’s campaign/Judges Guild accessory)
1972
2. Castle Greyhawk (Gary Gygax’s campaign)
3. El Raja Key (Rob Kuntz’s campaign)
4. City Greyhawk (G.G. campaign)
5. Lost City of the Elders (R.K. campaign)
1974
6. Lake Gloomey (D.A. campaign)
7. Temple of the Elder Gods (R.K. campaign)
8. The Orc Level (R.K. campaign)
1975
9. Temple of the Frog (scenario in TSR's Blackmoor supplement)
10. Tomb of Horrors (Origins I tournament/TSR module)
11. The Stalk (R.K. campaign)
12. Fomalhaut (R.K. campaign)
13. Fountains of Fire (R.K. campaign)
14. The Border God (R.K. campaign)
15. The Cult of Mandarin (R.K. campaign)
1976
16. Escape from Astigar's Lair (MichiCon V tournament/JG module)
17. Expedition to theBarrier Peaks (Origins II tournament/TSR module)
18. GENCON IX Dungeons (tournaments/JG module)
19. Lost Caverns of Tsojconth (WinterCon V tournament/Metro Detroit Games module/TSR module)
20. Palace of the Vampire Queen (Wee Warriors module)
21. Demonworld (R.K. campaign)
22. Dark Druids (R.K. campaign/Necromancer Games module)
23. Lair of the Pit Fiend (R.K. campaign)
1977
24. Dwarven Glory (WW module)
25. City State of the Invincible Overlord (JG accessory)
26. Tegel Manor (JG module)
27. Modron (JG module)
28. Of Skulls and Scrapfaggot Green (GenCon X tournament/JG module)
1978
29. Steading of the Hill Giant Chief (TSR module)
30. Glacial Rift of the Frost Giant Jarl (TSR module)
31. Hall of the Fire Giant King (TSR module)
32. Descent Into the Depths of the Earth (TSR module)
33. Shrine of the Kuo-Toa (TSR module)
34. Vault of the Drow (TSR module)
35. Tomb of Horrors (TSR module)
36. The Thieves of Fortress Badabaskor (JG module)
37. Citadel of Fire (JG module)
38. Frontier Forts of Kelnore (JG module)
39. The Dragon Crown (JG module)
40. Quest for the Fazzlewood (WinterCon VII tournament/Metro Detroit Games module/TSR module)
1979
41. The Village of Hommlet (TSR module)
42. White Plume Mountain (TSR module)
43. Pharoah (Day Star Media module/TSR module)
44. Rahasia (DSM module/TSR module)
45. Fortress Ellendar (Fantasy Productions module)
46. Lost Tomoachan: The Hidden Shrine of Lubaatum (Origins V tournament/TSR module)
47. The Ghost Tower of Inverness (WinterCon VIII tournament/TSR module)
And the rest, as they say, is history!