I think it's a combination of a lot of things. It's a little cyclical, of course. Matt Damon was good in that kind of role, so he gets hired for that kind of role, so he gets known for that kind of role, so he gets hired for that kind of role, etc, etc. Type casting is a thing, but it's also a thing where people get hired for roles they're known to be good at.
Also, Matt Damon has a pretty extensive IMDB page at this point. As much as this is a good joke, it accounts for a relatively small percentage of his credits.