All this does not take into account how much longer it takes if you spend more time learning (because paper is so slow) you learn more thats always the case.They have their uses and are certainly handy for looking things up quickly, but in terms of learning, absorbing, and retaining information based on reading, research shows that the physical motions of reading paper books, turning pages, eye tracking (and taking notes by hand even more so) help encode the information in memory and allow superior learning.
And also if this is not just the effect of painfull memories. You also learn better when people scream at you (thats what they do in the military), but thats not desirable, so why should the pain of having to use outdated tools be forced upon children?
Taking note by hand is again something which takes a long time way longer than typing.
Also all these experiments are made with people who learned originally to learn via the outdated book methods. If you want real experiments, make it with children who never seen books and learned digitally first and are used to the "digital" stimulus not the ones from books.
You also can have physical stimulus (especially eye tracking) with digital tools, and that this was not consideres just shows how biased these experiments are. Scrolling with the mouse etc. is all also physical, but you wont have that with tools you are not used to.
If you just give people an ereader, they never used before, and compare this with a physical book, they were forced since childhood to use, and dont even take the time for reading etc. into account yes than it will be less efficient.
In the end all these experiments are made by old people used to books, who want to get the results that books are better. Many studies showed that the opinion of the experimenter influences the outcome massively.
Also LEARNING SHOULD NOT BE BASED ON READING! Again you are using the old outdated methods (books) and just make them digital instead of using the things digital tools can do better. You can have animations, images, videos, cross linking, sounds (potential even games) etc. even Wikipedia pages have all that, the learning is not just based upon reading.
I havent used learning by reading (alone) since I was 12, unless as small parts of school classes were old teachers forced this upon us.
No one should read books or other "just reading" (like ereaders or PDFs) for learning in todays time. I think I had 1 class in my whole bachelor/master where I was forced to learn parts reading a book (or pdf) and that was also just a small part of the learning (lectures and exercises were still used as well).
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