Simple ammunition d6 light, shoot 30 feet
Martial ammunition d8 two-hand, ammunition, shoot 300 feet
Great ammunition d10 heavy, two-hand, loading, shoot 300 feet
Here are the ranged weapons from the Players Handbook
Simple ammunition d6 light, shoot 30 feet
• handbow
• sling
Martial ammunition d8 two-hand, ammunition, shoot 300 feet
• longbow
• shortbow
• crossbow, light
Great ammunition d10 heavy, two-hand, loading, shoot 300 feet
• crossbow, heavy
• [greatbow]
Nondamage weapons
• blowgun (poison delivery)
• net (restrain)
Note, difference in ranges between simple ammunition shoot 30 feet versus martial ammunition shoot 300 feet. The simple is light, usable in the off-hand. The loading has been removed from the light crossbow, characterizing the setup to load a bolt as about the same as an arrow for a bow. Conversely, the greatbow (the huge Japanese one!) would require more setup to load the arrow, as does the heavy crossbow with its mechanical gears for drawing the string.
In reallife, the shortbow is as good as a longbow, and requires as much skill. The term ‘shortbow’ means the composite bow, where the main difference between a shortbow and a longbow is the compact size of the shortbow that allows shooting from horseback, but its composite materials are more easily damaged and require more maintenance if applicable.
Simple d6 light/versatile, finesse, throw 30 feet
• dagger
• dart*
• hammer, light
• handaxe
• javelin
• spear
• trident
* Note, dart (a hand-thrown arrow) is here a throw weapon, like dagger, shuriken, throwstick, boomerang, javelin, etcetera.