This is why you assign stat points. The +2 bonus reflects the predisposition. So on average dwarves have higher constitution.
A minus 2 strength modifier for really small races (we speak of "as big as a 3 year old child" ) was also in order, because there just is not enough muscle mass. Actually a woman having a strength penalty would also be ok, because women on average have lower muscle mass and the steongest woman is definitely not as strong as the strongest man.
Do we want to have that in our fantasy setting? The last part definitely not... At least I hope we agree here. The question is, if there is a better solution to consider better health, size or nimbleness.
I think yes:
look at 4e racial utility traits and 3e size modifier for carrying weight.
But, you are making assumptions
For example, most Apes (such as Chimpanzees) are stronger than adult humans, yet are the size of children. Because their muscles are denser.
So, which type of musculature does a gnome have? The immature muscles of a growing creature, or the fully adult muscles of a creature of similar stature and body type?
Size = weak is a poor methodology
Furthermore, while obviously a lot of attention has been paid to ability scores, I hope we can all agree the proficiency swaps are good. Even if we accept that elves are naturally more dextrous, why is an elf urchin who grew up on the streets of {major city} genetically proficient with a longsword? I still kinda have this issue with mountain dwarves and hobgoblins, I wish you could trade down the armor proficiency to any weapon or tool prof.
Amusingly, I find this swap (while I love it) far far more powerful than the ability scores.
Every Elf is taking Rapiers now. Every Elf or Dwarf martial character is going to start with 4 new tools or multiple languages. This is actually almost too powerful for my games, but is getting no mention, because most people don't use tools at all.
They're not stronger than the halfling or gnome that wanted to be strong.
Your enjoyment playing a fire mage, say, wouldn't be diminished if every other character at the table (thief, cleric, fighter) got to cast just as many fire spells as you?
If it's not a competition, does that mean no ones enjoyment should be diminished if there character doesn't get a racial mod to their prime requisite that some other character of a different race does?
But, realistically, everyone can play a fire mage. If there is a problem with 3 or 4 different people wanting to play a fire mage, fixing that in the rules of the game to only allow certain types of builds to be fire mages, doesn't seem like a real solution.
Because, if playing a strong character is important to them, but they'd love to be a gnome, then that player only has a few choices. 1) Not being strong, 2) Not being a Gnome.
And if they choose option 2, they might end up playing a super strong race anyways. And if that isn't a problem... why would them being a super strong gnome be a problem?
To chime in on the small race / STR/ size issue:
- A small race should be able to have a STR 20 for purposes of attacks, damage, skills, and saves... basically any place a die is or would be rolled because WotC defines a large part of STR (IMO) as application of power as well as degree of power.
- The small race should not be equal to a medium race for purposes of encumbrance, etc. unless you have a justifiable reason for your game why that would happen. If your rock gnomes have muscles which are genetically difference in composition from other races, sure--don't give them a penalty. I know the designers left this stuff out because of the idea that small-sized plate armor would not weigh the same as medium-sized plate armor, etc., but it isn't that hard to adjust (if you want to).
- Likewise, grappling a creature of a difference size should be harder in both directions. Trying to catch a young child running around is not easy, nor would it be easy for that child to try to wrestle an adult to the ground. Neither feat is impossible, of course, just harder. So, we ignore the "up to one size category larger" (or whatever it is) when it comes to grappling etc.
That's it I guess. Cheers.
Yeah, strength is weird in a lot of ways, because the game defines combat strength as the same as skill strength as the same as grapplings as the same as encumbrance.
We need it for combat, but the others can be neither here nor there most of the time.