See, on the one hand, you have a point - most of the women I know, put up against an equivalently trained and fit man, would have a hard time of it. On the other hand, the extremely key words in that sentence are equivalently trained. I know one or two women (and know of quite a few more) who could disassemble any man I've ever personally met without breaking a sweat. Not because they're big Amazonian types, but because they know exactly what they're doing and aren't afraid to take swift, violent action to defend themselves if they feel the need.
So I don't really struggle at all with female adventurers in gaming, for instance, even in my most gritty and non-magical games - that's perfectly real to me, that a woman can and will kill the hell out of you (almost) as efficiently as an equivalently trained man. And once you move into the world of ranged weapons or endurance fighting, even that physical comparison you're talking about gets pretty muddy.
Most women, because of cultural programming and general environment, don't learn these things. We spend our whole lives being told that we're fragile, delicate creatures that can't compete with men physically and that our best response to a threat from a man is to run or scream for help, not to crush his throat or put a sharp object through a major artery. The main barrier to effective women warriors has always, always been access to training and the social expectation that violence is an exclusively male passtime.
It isn't true. Height and reach and muscle mass count, but training and the willingness to put your opponent on the ground or six feet under it count for a lot more.
You're speaking of the modern world. It's much easier to justify in the modern world. The old world didn't have birth control, weights, martial arts training, and the like with the same availability as the modern day. Women had to protected for the survival of the species. It you allowed women to fight any mass scale, you risked the survival of your entire group. It takes nine months for a human woman to produce a child, protecting them like treasure was the job of the male for the survival of the species. That isn't just socialization. The modern day is so soft and protected, they have no idea what the world would look like if we lost women on a mass scale. It would be an incredibly ugly world with males killing each other for the right to breed with the few remaining females. Females would be hidden away and protected again because the survival of the species would depend heavily on female survival.
Females are far more valuable to the survival equation than males. Males can complete their part of reproductive process quickly and be back ready to kill in a short period of time. Females are at risk for nine months. Severe damage to a female even early in the reproductive process can lead to the death of the offspring. Our ancestors understood this biology. They built societies and rules to take this into account including ensuring the survivability of the female by keeping them as far away from war time activities as possible.
How do I take into account this biological reality and yet write realistic ancient societies with female warriors given the cost of losing a large number of females in war is the destruction of your entire society due to an inability of the group to reproduce? The only way I could come up with is write in exceptions or toss out societal conventions created due to biological pressures.
How do you view the biological value of a female in the reproductive process? If you were to discard your modern ideas of gender, and instead look at the biological value of each gender, what would logic dictate you do if one gender requires nine months (more if you take into account the weaning process) to complete the biological process and the other a few minutes?
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