The surgery is not changing the visual abilities of the rods and cones, right?
Correct. But the rods are not selective. The cones are only somewhat selective - it isn't like you have a separate cone for each possible color you can see. Humans have three cones, with peak responsiveness to certain wavelengths, and some lesser responsiveness beyond those peaks. The end result is that you perceive color by getting a mixture of signals from the different cones, and your brain interpreting that as a color. UV will still ping on the cones that catch short-wavelength light. Your brain will then interpret it as... something.