funny, I've looked at that too ;-) I'm pretty sure that actually, there is no (simple) formula and that wealth by level is based on the "normal" amount of treasure you find when defeating the "normal" amount/type of encounters needed to level. Since the treasure tables are rounded, and the wealth by level tables are again, quite a bit of distortion is introduced.
I've devised the following formula as a close approximation, however, it diverges at 1st level, somewhat:
915 * level * 1.22^level
which results in:
1st - 0
2nd - 1,116
3rd - 2,724
4th - 4,985
5th - 8,108
6th - 12,365
7th - 18,102
8th - 25,765
9th - 35,924
10th - 49,306
11th - 66,837
12th - 89,696
13th - 119,377
14th - 157,776
15th - 207,294
16th - 270,963
17th - 352,613
18th - 457,075
19th - 590,433
20th - 760,346
This follows pretty closely but ignores the odd "bumps" in the normal sequence (which is probably not a bad thing). You're also too rich after first level, which I can live with. Thereafter the error is small.