Based on the description of calm emotions I don't think that rage would work on undead. Undead are immune to mind altering effects so if it can be determined that rage is a mind altering effect, I would say no, undead can't rage.
IMHO, rage is a mind altering effect. I say this because under the description of calm emotions, rage is one of those things that can be calmed. Further, the virtuoso has the bard like ability to inspire a rage. Although neither of these in and of themselves prove that rage is a mind altering effect, they certainly lend credibility that it is more likely than not.