Ibn Khaldun
Explorer
As far as cultural things, you can emphasize the importance of water, both physically and symbolically (desert peoples), hospitality, honor, and slavery. Do they worship the same gods or their own pantheon? Don't forget tribal, clan divisions: mountain versus valley/plain versus desert, sedentary farmers versus migratory hunters/raiders/herders.
Governmentally, are the heads of state also religious leaders?
Governmentally, are the heads of state also religious leaders?