I have never heard an empassioned defense of healing surges or martial healing even from those that like it
In that case . . .
Healing surges, as implemented in 4e, combine tactical and strategic considerations in a fashion that provides strong support for effective pacing:
(i) each combat encounter starts with the PCs at (around) full hp, which allows encounters to be designed around a stable assumption about PC capacity and performance;
(ii) the need for the players to "unlock" their healing surges during the course of combat resolution adds both tactical and dramatic elements to combat, plus supports the dramatic pacing of a combat (as PCs are worn down and then "bounce back");
(iii) the short rest mechanic underpins (i) above - players spend their surges to bring their PCs up to full hp or thereabouts at the end of each combat;
(iv) healing surge depletion over the course of an adventure introduces strategic, "Damocles' sword" pacing considerations into the game, which in turn fosters distinctive and interesting in-game choices made to keep low-or-zero-surge PCs alive.
As for martial healing, it is the flip-side to making sense of "Gygaxian" hit-points-as-morale-and-luck-and-inspiration. If hit point loss is wearing away your resolve, inspiring people - bards, warlords, clerics (most clerical healing in 4e is also inspirational healing, as it is not surgeless) - can renew vigour and resolution. The ability of inspirational healing to bring back characters from unconsciousness also adds to the game. First, it allows a certain sort of romantic trope to be possible - the hero falls down, but then a memory or vision of a friend/ally reminds the fallen hero of the importance of the cause, and s/he struggles to his/her feet. Second, it reinforces that "unconsciousness" in D&D is typically closer to fainting or swooning than to falling into a coma, which helps make sense of the fact that it happens to PCs quite a bit.
Full healing overnight is easy and quick. And very easy to adjust. If you want slower healing rates, just adjust to taste. It's not like it's that hard.
Agreed. In my 4e game I don't tinker much with the default short rest pacing, but for extended rests I don't allow these every 24 hours. The PCs have to be somewhere safe and comfortable.