As a cast member on a podcast I listen to once said, "breaking your hand in Call of Cthulhu has way more impact on the game than dying in Dungeons in Dragons does".I wonder if the split here has anything to do with the division between those who think HP totals in D&D impact the world in only a binary sense (something is either fully capable and above 0hp, or dying at 0hp or less) and those who think the effects of HP loss are visible to the world inhabitants (wounds, exhausted appearance, etc...) but the effects on die rolls and the like only have two levels for ease of game play. It feels like the description of how injured something was would necessarily be useless if you literally thought there was no visible effect until they hit 0.
4e had "bloodied" as a mechanic, where a variety of abilities and whatnot would activate when you or the target were below 50% HP, which is as far as I can tell the only actual first-party "wound tracking" to exist between 3e and 5e (I don't know if any eist in 1 or 2e). This was of course thrown out in 5e because of people who think it's too "gamelike" (as if HP isn't much more of a game construct and they are in fact playing a game).