Correct. Specifically, they are in the "Surprised" condition, noted on page 277 of the PHBOk, thanks. Now I have a situation to further clarify surprise and CA. Please correct any errors in the below reasoning.
PC surprise mobs
Suppose you have a surprise round in which the PC's surprise the monsters. Let's say that the PC rogue stealthed ahead and saw a couple of mobs in a room without them spotting him.
a) The rogue attacks and as the mobs failed their perception rolls previously they are surprised and don't get to act in that round. Correct?
Again correct. The rogue here gets CA from at least two sources. The enemies grant CA for being surprised, and the rogue gains CA from First Strike because they haven't acted. Even if the enemies have something like Alertness (which prevents Surprised from causing them to grant CA), the rogue would attack with CA here.b) The rogue can attack during this surpise round with CA. I think this is correct?
Correct, until they act, he has CA against them from First Strike.c) Next round is the first ordinary round and initiative is rolled. The rogue beats the mobs initiative and gets to attack again with CA even if he's non-stealthed by now. Correct?
Correct.Opposite example
If the mobs /in another example/ would surprise the PC's and jump on them in an ambush.
d) Only PC's making their Perception rolls gets to act in this surpise round. Correct?
Unless a PC has something like Alertness, PC's that are Surprised will grant CA.e) Would mobs get CA during the surprise round? (It's fairly common in Keep of the Shadowfell to see a mob that gets an extra 1d6 damage when attacking with CA.)