You could, but that just makes targeting more complex- imagine having a target in your forward gunsights just as one of NOAA's satellites goes into range on the second one!
""Space is big. Really big. You just won't believe how vastly, hugely, mindbogglingly big it is. I mean, you may think it's a long way down the road to the chemist's, but that's just peanuts to space, listen..." --
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.
This isn't like a firefight on the ground, you know, and despite what Hollywood shows us in Star Wars dogfights, targets in orbital combat are few and far between. The likelihood that there's another target in that tiny volume of space behind you is very small.
Firing backwards would solve much of the recoil issue. However, it will take twice the energy and power, ammo, and cooling capacity to do it.
Really, the recoil issue would be that, out in space, you're taking your shots not from a mile, or tens of miles, but hundreds or thousands of miles away - over those ranges, your targeting needs to be perfect, and to do it you need to know the relative positions, speeds (and possibly spin) of both the gun and the target. Recoil means those positions, speeds, and spin may change with every shot you take.