ad_hoc
(they/them)
Regarding your earlier wizard example: you would treat the wooden pillar was a greatclub if the character was proficient with a greatclub. Since the wizard is not proficient, it's treated as an improvised weapon, i.e., it does 1d4 damage, even after you whittle it's handle down. In a sense, Tavern Brawler does provide proficiency with all weapons in that the Brawler can swing or throw any of them, with proficiency and for 1d4 damage.
As for why one would use weapons rather unarmed strike, you can't do piercing, slashing, or fire damage with unarmed strike.
So you are facing a tavern brawler in a tavern. They break a bottle and are now attacking you with the pointy end of a broken bottle. You are not scared because it is the same as using their fists.
The only benefit they get is that they can throw it at you. But then you're in a tavern so that isn't going to happen anyway.
Also, they later pick up a table and hit you with it. Whatever, it's only 1d4 damage, the same as their fist.
Another example, a giant hits you with a rock for 4d10 damage. You enlarge yourself and throw the rock back. But darn, it's an improvised weapon so it only does 1d4 damage.
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