3e lightly touched upon this, but only for certain monsters - not for armor.
In 2e (and maybe 1e?) there was an optional Armor Type vs Weapon Type table. Slashing weapons beat leather, bludgeoning beat chain, piercing beat plate... or something like that. Back in the day we only tried using this once or twice and dropped it as overly complex... so I can't really say as to how useful it was.
It might work nicely as DR.
I remember that table well, and used it briefly. The main issue it had is that it compared manufactured weapons versus manufactured armour, so in a monster-bash made little difference.
Rolemaster took this concept to extremes, and you had a table of all armour types with combat results for a certain score, for each indivisual weapon type (including sub-categories of tiny, small, medium, large etc bites and claws!) There were books and books of them . . .
I really like the idea though that it *matters* what sub-type of armour is worn, and that it's a choice of strengths and weaknesses when comparing e.g. leather with a chain shirt. If there's just one simple "best" for each of light armour and heavy armour, with progression and throwing away of old kit, then I think we lose a little richness from the game. I'd really like armour choice to be as much fun as weapon choice for the classes that use it.
Edit: Actually an "arms and armour" supplement with feats by weapon type and armour type, fighting style etc, sounds a lot like a player-side module with e.g. the simplified character in "heavy" armour fighting alongside another character where the player cares that it's scale armour, and has a special ability versus slashing attacks (for a feat cost, or in return for some reasonable known defect of scale armour).