Say you were thrown back in time, at least 100 years, would your modern skills and knowledge be helpful to you? Would you thrive in such a scenario? Or are your modern skills and knowledge pretty much a waste in a time before electronic technology? How about 1,000 years?
Exactly how far back in time and exactly where on the globe one comes in for a landing would have rather a significant impact. If it's just 100 years ago but I show up in the middle of Greenland I'm not lasting any longer than if I show up there tomorrow and have to survive. I MIGHT do better getting myself out of the Amazon or the Gobi - but then I'm still stuck somewhere that I don't speak the language.
Assuming I can at least choose to land somewhere "civilized" - which for me is gonna mean someplace decidedly English-speaking then even in 1913 I think I might carve out a fair existence. Get a job in a shop somewhere and start trying to make some money as an author - whether of SF or social commentary or both. But I'm sure it would not take long to convince myself that playing Kerbal Space Program and pointing VSAT satellite equipment for a living will NEVER translate into much of an opportunity beyond that. I'd probably tell stories about a schlub who plays Kerbal Space Program and assembles things called satellite dishes, and let Heinlien and Asimov as well as Lucas and Speilberg keep their own tales unless that fails. Maybe try and go BACK to school and actually get somewhere. After all, I can at least grasp the concepts of atoms and relativity despite their not having been known to science yet.
Now, there is the notion that although I don't know much about WWI (which is just over the horizon) I do know a fair bit about WWII which is just 26 short years away. If I wanted to try to CHANGE history I have some time to think about how and when to do that. And THAT would make a few decades of working as a shopkeeper worth the wait. Or maybe get into the auto industry or aircraft industries right as they start...
If it's 1000 years? Lessee, that's 1013. What the hell is going on in the year 1013? It's over 50 years yet before the freaking battle of Hastings! 520 years before bleedin' COLUMBUS sets sail. We're talkin Middle Ages here still. That's gonna suck just about anywhere. Not much that I know is gonna make much impression on anyone. It's more a matter of knowing what I want NOT to do. I might try to invent a telescope a good 600-700 years early, followed by a microscope. If nothing else that ought to make me somewhat worthy of being deemed smart enough to keep around as a pet. Maybe put quill to a few pages of parchment with some ideas about... indoor plumbing, political theory (gotta be careful with that one), economics, medicine, etc. I don't know if I could make gunpowder NOW if I had the recipe and ingredients in front of me but a few years of alchemy ought to produce some good results. Follow that up with a touch of metallurgy and I'll be running the planet, right?
More likely that I'll die early like everyone else of disease, injury, or simply work.
Part the second:
Say you were going to travel to the future, (suspended animation, a time machine, whatever mechanic you want), how far into the future would you have to go to reach something "futuristic," something truly alien to what you live in now?
Change is accellerating. Things are rather different today than they were even 20 or 30 years ago. I'd say maybe 10 years. Possibly 20 and things will be remarkably changed in ways both good and bad. For something truly ALIEN? 50 ought to be more than plenty.
Part the third:
If you were going to reach back in time and yank someone, (at least of average or better intelligence, and middle aged), forward to this day and age, how far back-to-forward would you have to bring someone to have them completely out of their world? Would someone from 1913 (100 years ago) be able to come "up to speed" with our world today? How about someone from 1813?
Depends on the person of course, but 1913 would adapt fairly well. Having already seen the uses of electricity and the automobile would help as a foundation of knowledge to build off of. 1813 would be more of a shock as that'd be the later part of the Industrial Revolution and simply coming to grips with a steam engine might help, but electricity being still just a lot of science theory and no practical application would be harder to grok. I'd say that if you go back before practical steam engine applications then time matters less and less - they'll be as flummoxed if they're from 1713 as 1013. Then it'll be more a matter of their individual ability to learn to seperate religion and superstition from practical scientific reality.