Li Shenron
Legend
At present I am thinking of ruling that - "Each 1’ moved while blind costs an additional foot of movement unless you have a guide you can reach and hear." Does that seem good?
I like this house rule because it's simple but effective, like difficult terrain (but you can also make it kind of "stack" with it, if you want).
If you hit a wall at full speed, take 1d6 "falling" damage and fall prone.
I also like this addition, although I don't think it would come up very often... it's not very reasonable for someone who cannot see to decide to move carelessly, as hitting or tripping over something is pretty much always going to happen except in extremely favorable locations.
However, I personally like 5e because it's simple, so I'd rather not add additional rules on top of it just for the sake of realism. Hard enough for me to worry about light and cover already.
I love simplicity but I hate stupidity. That's why I (like you) would rather not add complicated rules to attempt a level of "simulation", but at the same time I also would not handwave the situation. I would probably instead ad-hoc the situation with a flat chance of tripping/hitting, or even just say that if you move at normal speed you 100% bump into something.
Blind does not mean you see nothing, bit only very little. Enough to have a general feeling of your surrounding. Starlight for examle is treated as total darkness RAW.
Well, there is dark and there is dark... Without going underground, it's very unlikely to experience true darkness. I have been visiting caves and mines, and once (during a training session) we were asked to turn off the lights to experience what dark really means, and believe me when I tell you that's not the same as just turning off the lights * When we talk about "getting your eyes used to the dark", we mostly have in mind from experience being in a room and turning the lights off or being ourdoor at night, but there is always some ambient light in those cases, and our eyes after a while are able to see something at least. That does not happen at all underground, in which case "getting used" can mean something else e.g. learning to navigate by touch (including prodding with hands and feet, or feeling possible gusts of air) or even by sound (using echoes to estimate distance from walls). These are possible, but not something that activates in minutes, and it doesn't make you as proficient in moving around as sight does... That's why I would definitely use the speed penalty house rule as a minimum, but normally I would expect the characters to proceed even a lot slower than that, trying to check every step they take, and I would describe the situation accordingly.
* It was very disorienting and unsettling. The trainer was an old retired miner, and explained to us that in the past, for a miner to run out of light sources meant almost certain death. Even those who spent a lifetime in the mines couldn't find the way out without a source of light. There was not amount of experience, even in the same mine, that would guarantee to save yourself.
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