In a typical sword and sorcery campaign such as the World of Xoth, the traditional demihumans do not exist, and the majority of player characters and non-player characters are human. The following broad cultural archetypes are used to further distinguish between characters who would otherwise have the same racial abilities.
The cultures in this chapter are inspired by the works of Robert E. Howard (1906-1936), creator of Conan the Barbarian and the most influential writer of swords and sorcery literature. Howard was of the opinion that history was cyclic; that cultures and civilizations arose, became decadent and corrupt, and then fell as they were conquered by another people, typically «the barbarians» from the edges of civilization, who would themselves eventually grow complacent and corrupt.
Howard discussed the topic of «barbarism versus civilization» at length in his letters to fellow author H. P. Lovecraft (1890-1937). This is arguably a far more interesting theme to explore in your game than the simplistic «good versus evil» alignment system provided by the core rules. The description of each culture includes information about how the members of that culture view themselves, how they are viewed by others, and some ideas on how to roleplay a stereotypical member of a given culture.
GMs may (or may not) choose to award roleplay according to stereotype. In any case, individual player characters should feel free to ignore the suggestions in favor of a unique concept.
Note that when history is cyclic, today’s Savages are tomorrow’s Civilized, and today’s Civilized are tomorrow’s Degenerates, and so on. That means, of course, that this Player’s Guide just happens to present a snapshot of various races and their cultural stage at a certain point in history; the underlying premise is that any race is fated to undergo these cycles of history. Always check with your GM for campaign specifics.