I like jumping off from core materials and going crazy based on that springboard.
Goblins like wolves. If barghests are out (although I'm not convinced they should be -- maybe they're the ones behind the sanctioned hunts), then there are other wolfy directions to go with. For one thing, who says that natural lycanthropes always have to look like humans? Mixing in natural werewolves into the goblin community would be a natural move, and goblins can be more alien by NOT being freaked out by this -- Bob may be somewhat violent at times, but a goblin-wolf isn't anything to fear, and he uses his abilities for the good of the community.
Of course, woe to the adventurers who think they can rough up a goblin for information in a dark alley ...
The other direction I'd go is running with the fey aspect of traditional goblins. Even if you don't want to change D&D goblins to suit folklore, having a very anti-fairy aspect to the culture wouldn't be hard to do, and would straddle both worlds nicely. The goblin bar might be called "The Grounded Fairy" and depict a fairy with its wings cut in two. Cages from the ceiling might contain wing-clipped sprites or other harmless fairies who are forced to sing and provide amusement for patrons. If your fairies include some that provide a small amount of light (don't petals, from MM3, do this?), having them as light sources also works. It's cruel without being ridiculous (an easy trap too many DMs fall into, IMO) and also culturally distinct. And, of course, goblin champions would have feybane cold iron weapons, just in case some uppity fey ever comes to get some payback.