Rogue did get her powers by draining them from another superhuman, named Ms. Marvel. Marvel Girl was Jean Grey's first code-name.
Ms. Marvel had powers similar to the original Captain Marvel of Marvel comics, an alien (Kree) super-hero not to be confused with the guy who yells Shazam! over in DC comics. Ms. Marvel had super-strength, flight, resistance to injury, and a "seventh sense" which Rogue never seemed to show.
Rogue was originally a bad guy, and got Ms. Marvel's powers when she held onto her for too long. Permanent transfer is a risk whenever Rogue maintains contact for too long. Rogue also took all of Ms. Marvel's memories and psyche, resulting in some split personality stuff for a while (and total amnesia for Ms. Marvel). This is what brought Rogue to Charles Xavier, for help in getting her head straight. Ms. Marvel had been a friend to the X-Men, and thus Rogue was extremely unwelcome by the other X-Men.
Ms. Marvel later recovered her memories, and gained new powers as Binary. Then those powers got toned down, and she eventually became Ms. Marvel again and was running with the Avengers for a while.