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Message: <blockquote data-quote="fusangite" data-source="post: 2843396" data-attributes="member: 7240">So how is the germane to how medieval Europeans thought? Furthermore, you have yet to persuade me that the Japanese saw things racially rather than nationally, given the abundance of evidence I see of the Japanese lacking any super-national racial framework in the pre-modern period. If you're talking about post-1880 Africa now (and I thought we were talking about the medieval world), how can you possibly argue nationality and country are the same thing? Name one African country other than Egypt where nation and country are the same.I'm happy to move along as long as you recognize that you're basically calling every mainstream scholar who examines the emergence of European and Euro-American racism wrong if you continue to assert that racism existed in pre-modern Europe. Now, there is a debate in the field about whether racism originated in the 15th, 16th or 18th centuries but to suggest racism was a feature of medieval Europe is to challenge an overwhelming academic consensus.</blockquote>