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Message: <blockquote data-quote="Turjan" data-source="post: 1358164" data-attributes="member: 3477">I forgot Latin in the list, the language of scholars <img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/joypixels/assets/8.0/png/unicode/64/1f600.png" class="smilie smilie--emoji" loading="lazy" width="64" height="64" alt=":D" title="Big grin    :D"  data-smilie="8"data-shortname=":D" />.D&D doesn't match the Middle Ages, and it has absolutely no resemblance to the Renaissance. I'd say, the closest match to D&D is late 19th century western North America with some swords, platemail and dragons thrown in <img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/joypixels/assets/8.0/png/unicode/64/1f609.png" class="smilie smilie--emoji" loading="lazy" width="64" height="64" alt=";)" title="Wink    ;)"  data-smilie="2"data-shortname=";)" />.Your question for countries is a bit more complicated, because they didn't match the language borders at all, except in a few cases. And, more important, the countries didn't match modern borders at all.Let's take a snapshot of the year 1400.- Portugal looked like today <img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/joypixels/assets/8.0/png/unicode/64/1f642.png" class="smilie smilie--emoji" loading="lazy" width="64" height="64" alt=":)" title="Smile    :)"  data-smilie="1"data-shortname=":)" />. Unfortunately, that's about it <img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/joypixels/assets/8.0/png/unicode/64/1f609.png" class="smilie smilie--emoji" loading="lazy" width="64" height="64" alt=";)" title="Wink    ;)"  data-smilie="2"data-shortname=";)" />.- In Spain you had the Kingdoms of Castilia, Aragon, and Navarra, and the Arabs still held the Kingdom of Granada.- France was a bit smaller than today, and the Duke of Burgundy was a big rival of the King, growing in power. On the other hand, there were still parts of the country owned by the English King <img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/joypixels/assets/8.0/png/unicode/64/1f609.png" class="smilie smilie--emoji" loading="lazy" width="64" height="64" alt=";)" title="Wink    ;)"  data-smilie="2"data-shortname=";)" />.- England held Wales and Ireland, but Scotland was still an independent Kingdom.- Denmark was larger and more powerful than today. It's borders went far into Sweden and Germany.- Sweden held also Finland.- Germany, or better the Holy Roman Empire <img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/joypixels/assets/8.0/png/unicode/64/1f600.png" class="smilie smilie--emoji" loading="lazy" width="64" height="64" alt=":D" title="Big grin    :D"  data-smilie="8"data-shortname=":D" />,  consisted of hundreds of independent states. Some of the more powerful countries were the lands of House Luxemburg (Luxemburg, Brabant, Brandenburg, Lusatia, Silesia, Bohemia, Moravia, and Greater Hungary) and House Habsburg (Austria, Carnitia, Tyrol and some territories at the upper Rhine), Bavaria (with the Palatinate), Savoy (Italy), Milan (Italy: the Visconti), Genoa (mostly dependent on France).- Venice was an independent Republic. They had properties in modern day Yugoslavia, Albania, Crete and further into Greece.- Genoa had also properties in Greece and owned Corsica.- Hungary was quite large and spread into Romania, Slovenia, Croatia, Slovakia; it became property of House Luxemburg.- The Ottoman Empire was on its way to conquer most of southeastern Europe.- Poland reached into modern Ukrainia and Romania. It was united with the large Byelorussian country called Lithuania. Together, this was one of the largest European countries.- The Eastern Baltic (Prussia, Latvia, Estonia) was in hands of the Teutonic Order.- Russia showed the mighty Republic of Novgorod, Moscow, several smaller countries like Tver, Jaroslav or Rostov, The Princes of Rjasan, and the vast lands of the Khans of the Golden Horde (Mongolians).- Rome and much of middle Italy was property of the Pope.- Southern Italy belonged to the House Anjou (French).- Sicily and Sardinia belonged to the Spanish Kingdom of Aragon.- Oh, and the East Roman Empire still existed, though hardly. It consisted of Konstantinopel, a small part of the Peleponnes and a small area around Thessalonike <img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/joypixels/assets/8.0/png/unicode/64/1f642.png" class="smilie smilie--emoji" loading="lazy" width="64" height="64" alt=":)" title="Smile    :)"  data-smilie="1"data-shortname=":)" />.</blockquote>

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