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Message: <blockquote data-quote="Umbran" data-source="post: 6683393" data-attributes="member: 177">To quote National Geographic:"Everywhere on Earth ice is changing. The famed snows of Kilimanjaro have melted more than 80 percent since 1912. Glaciers in the Garhwal Himalaya in India are retreating so fast that researchers believe that most central and eastern Himalayan glaciers could virtually disappear by 2035. Arctic sea ice has thinned significantly over the past half century, and its extent has declined by about 10 percent in the past 30 years. NASA's repeated laser altimeter readings show the edges of Greenland's ice sheet shrinking. Spring freshwater ice breakup in the Northern Hemisphere now occurs nine days earlier than it did 150 years ago, and autumn freeze-up ten days later. Thawing permafrost has caused the ground to subside more than 15 feet (4.6 meters) in parts of Alaska. From the Arctic to Peru, from Switzerland to the equatorial glaciers of Man Jaya in Indonesia, massive ice fields, monstrous glaciers, and sea ice are disappearing, fast."<a href="http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/big-thaw/" target="_blank">http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/big-thaw/</a>Not that wikipedia is the end-all, be-all of science documentation, but it is a place to start reviewign a topic:<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retreat_of_glaciers_since_1850" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retreat_of_glaciers_since_1850</a>The very next paragraph of the National Geographic article, above:"When temperatures rise and ice melts, more water flows to the seas from glaciers and ice caps, and ocean water warms and expands in volume. This combination of effects has played the major role in raising average global sea level between four and eight inches (10 and 20 centimeters) in the past hundred years, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level_rise" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level_rise</a>If you prefer NASA<a href="http://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/sea-level/" target="_blank">http://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/sea-level/</a>Images on this page seem to be broken, but the text and references hold:<a href="http://www.wunderground.com/climate/SeaLevelRise.asp" target="_blank">http://www.wunderground.com/climate/SeaLevelRise.asp</a>I don't know where you got the idea that cities are the central part of measuring warming.  Cities are measured, sure.  But so are rural areas.  And surface and deep ocean measures are taken.  <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_temperature_record" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_temperature_record</a>This article speaks to what datasets are used to make determinations:<a href="http://www.carbonbrief.org/blog/2015/01/explainer-how-do-scientists-measure-global-temperature/" target="_blank">http://www.carbonbrief.org/blog/2015/01/explainer-how-do-scientists-measure-global-temperature/</a></blockquote>

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