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Message: <blockquote data-quote="Doug McCrae" data-source="post: 7810045" data-attributes="member: 21169">Disruption of trade (negative):Pirates and privateers preyed on the French and English shipping in the Channel every time war between France and England broke out; with the result that during the Hundred Years War, i.e. for nearly 150 years, the sea-borne trade between Brittany and Normandy on the one hand and the English south coast on the other was reduced to a small and fitful trickle. The North Sea was thrown into a chaos of universal and promiscuous privateering of this kind in the fifties and sixties of the fifteenth century, and there were occasional outbursts of wholesale piracy in the disturbed periods in Anglo-Flemish relations in the early fourteenth century. But in the times when wars were not raging and in areas outside the range of privateering bases, the main channels of sea-borne trade were maintained more or less open. - The Cambridge Economic History of Europe Vol 2 (1987) ed M Postan and Edward MillerDisruption of trade (positive):The Hundred Years War, which had severely hit the English wool trade, was Castile's blessing. Along with the wool trade grew wool-related industries, and there was an important growth in Castile's ports - Burgos, Santander, Seville - and in shipbuilding, and these in turn led Castilian trade in the Atlantic in other produce. - Oxford History of Medieval Europe (1988) ed George Holmes</blockquote>