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The value of manned space flight?
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<blockquote data-quote="Umbran" data-source="post: 9888740" data-attributes="member: 177"><p>I was quoting memory before. Let me do some math.</p><p></p><p>Working to order of magnitude, I get...</p><p></p><p>I find other sources listing world energy consumption in 2023 as being 620 Exajoules (17 x10^4 Twh), so 6.20x10^20 J/year. (That's Primary, rather than Final, consumption, but whatever.)</p><p></p><p>Ocean volume is about 1x10^24cc. Density of seawater about 1.028 g/cc (varies slightly with pressure, but only to about 1.07 g/cc at the bottom so close enough. So mass of water is about 1x10^24 g.</p><p></p><p>Specific heat capacity of seawater is about 4 j/gC</p><p></p><p>We are looking for a temperature change of about 100C (to order of magnitude).</p><p></p><p>mc(delta-T) = 1x10^24g * 4j/gC* 100 C = 4x10^26 J.</p><p></p><p>So we get a time = 4x10^26 J / 6.20x10^20 J/year</p><p>= 0.6 x10^6 year.</p><p>= 600,000 years-ish.</p><p></p><p>So, my remembered time was off by a factor of ten. Oh, well.</p><p></p><p>But also, we are <em>BOTH</em> wrong. Why? That's only the time to bring the ocean <em><u>to a boil</u></em>! To actually boil the ocean <em>away</em>, we also must provide its <em>latent heat of vaporization</em>!</p><p></p><p>And that gets beyond simple arithmetic, fast. The heat of vaporization of water will vary with salinity. And as we boil it, it gets saltier, until we are trying to boil almost pure salt! </p><p></p><p>Either way, it is a long time.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Umbran, post: 9888740, member: 177"] I was quoting memory before. Let me do some math. Working to order of magnitude, I get... I find other sources listing world energy consumption in 2023 as being 620 Exajoules (17 x10^4 Twh), so 6.20x10^20 J/year. (That's Primary, rather than Final, consumption, but whatever.) Ocean volume is about 1x10^24cc. Density of seawater about 1.028 g/cc (varies slightly with pressure, but only to about 1.07 g/cc at the bottom so close enough. So mass of water is about 1x10^24 g. Specific heat capacity of seawater is about 4 j/gC We are looking for a temperature change of about 100C (to order of magnitude). mc(delta-T) = 1x10^24g * 4j/gC* 100 C = 4x10^26 J. So we get a time = 4x10^26 J / 6.20x10^20 J/year = 0.6 x10^6 year. = 600,000 years-ish. So, my remembered time was off by a factor of ten. Oh, well. But also, we are [I]BOTH[/I] wrong. Why? That's only the time to bring the ocean [I][U]to a boil[/U][/I]! To actually boil the ocean [I]away[/I], we also must provide its [I]latent heat of vaporization[/I]! And that gets beyond simple arithmetic, fast. The heat of vaporization of water will vary with salinity. And as we boil it, it gets saltier, until we are trying to boil almost pure salt! Either way, it is a long time. [/QUOTE]
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