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Message: <blockquote data-quote="Spatula" data-source="post: 1444286" data-attributes="member: 2198">Thanee is correct.  Anything smaller than Small has a reach of 0' and so has to enter the opponent's square to attack in melee, which provokes an AoO.  Small creatures (like halflings) have a reach of 5' and so can attack adjacent squares.In regards to the AC/attack modifiers, consider two halflings fighting one another.  The attacker gets a +1 to hit because he's Small, which may seem out of whack since he's attacking a creature the same size as he is.  BUT the defender gets a +1 to AC because he's Small, and the two bonuses cancel each other out.  The same thing happens whenever two creature of the same size fight (e.g. two ogres - the attacker gets -1 to hit, but the defender gets -1 to AC).</blockquote>