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Message: <blockquote data-quote="Steampunkette" data-source="post: 8297346" data-attributes="member: 6796468">[USER=6788736]@Flamestrike[/USER] unless your torso is 75cm thick (about 30 inches from the front of your chest to your back) that musket ball traveling 414m/s is going to overpenetrate. The point of Ballistics Gel is to simulate the relative density of a human body. Granted it ignores things like air in the lungs or the specific density of muscles compared to fat, but it averages out without including bone specifically.The musketball went 30 inches through that gel. That means if you're only 12 inches "Deep" from your chest to your back it will have enough force to overpenetrate by an additional 18 inches of solid meat. Meaning three people standing chest to back with 12 inches of depth (oo la la!) will all get shot and it won't come out of the third person having only penetrated about 6 inches.Which means that force continues with the ball. Which means you don't get all of the Joules.Now if it hits a particularly dense piece of your body it will stop. Such as the Femur, which is a big thick dense bone that -might- be sturdy enough to stop the ball, in which case all of it's Joules will be absorbed.But otherwise? Basic fundamental physics says that not all that ball's energy is going to remain in your body 'cause it's gonna pass through you.I'm just gonna ignore all the rest of your "Railguns" and "Supersonic Rounds" and "Bullets" talk 'cause it's just meant to be big impressive numbers and words to cow me. Right up there with your initial insult that I've "Assumed Hollywood Movie Fiction"Watch the video, read my breakdown of it, and maybe stop trying to imagine all primitive firearms are just as deadly as modern ones, please.Which is why in the OP I explicitly mentioned:But this thread is also about early firearms in D&D which fire lead balls instead of bullets. Balls don't tend to tumble. Also of note there are several videos in this thread showing what early firearms did to armor! The results are a bit surprising, honestly. I didn't expect plate to stop a musket shot at close range, only maybe deflect it somewhat, or reduce the speed of the round before it entered the body beneath. Instead you get to watch the ball just bounce off, flattened and deformed, leaving a nice radial dent!</blockquote>

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