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Why do guns do so much damage?
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<blockquote data-quote="Flamestrike" data-source="post: 8299713" data-attributes="member: 6788736"><p>A 69 caliber musket ball is 420 grains at .65" diameter. It would need to be travelling at 'only' 560 feet per second to generate 400j of energy:</p><p></p><p><a href="http://www.shooterscalculator.com/bullet-kinetic-energy.php" target="_blank">ShootersCalculator.com | Bullet Energy Calculator</a></p><p></p><p>While theoretically possible in a firearm with minimal gunpowder to propel it, it's on the low end of the scale (muzzle velocities range from approximately 120 m/s (390 ft/s) to 370 m/s (1,200 ft/s) in black powder muskets):</p><p></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzzle_velocity#:~:text=Firearm%20muzzle%20velocities%20range%20from,velocity%20cartridges%20such%20as%20the%20" target="_blank">Muzzle velocity - Wikipedia</a>.</p><p></p><p>Meaning a 420 grain .69 caliber musket ball is delivering between 200 and 2,000 joules of energy on target (making 400 joules on the very low end off the scale).</p><p></p><p>At a midrange of those speeds (800' per second) you're looking at around 600 ft/lbs or 800 joules of energy transfer.</p><p></p><p>In so far as what kind of damage that kind of energy transfer causes to the human body:</p><p></p><p>[ATTACH=full]138081[/ATTACH]</p><p></p><p>[ATTACH=full]138082[/ATTACH]</p><p></p><p>A projectile travelling through tissue with that kind of energy behind it, causes a temporary cavity (this can be seen with the displacement of ballistic gel in slow-mo videos posted above, causing the gel to expand well above its normal size and shape before rapidly contracting back down again).</p><p></p><p>This effect causes catastrophic damage to the tissues in that temporary cavity (over and above the damage caused by the 'hole' plus any fragmentation effects).</p><p></p><p>Bullets dont just punch holes in people. Anyone that thinks they do is ignoring terminal ballistics and basic physics of what happens to the human body when the energy contained in a bullet is absorbed by the human body.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Flamestrike, post: 8299713, member: 6788736"] A 69 caliber musket ball is 420 grains at .65" diameter. It would need to be travelling at 'only' 560 feet per second to generate 400j of energy: [URL='http://www.shooterscalculator.com/bullet-kinetic-energy.php']ShootersCalculator.com | Bullet Energy Calculator[/URL] While theoretically possible in a firearm with minimal gunpowder to propel it, it's on the low end of the scale (muzzle velocities range from approximately 120 m/s (390 ft/s) to 370 m/s (1,200 ft/s) in black powder muskets): [URL="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzzle_velocity#:~:text=Firearm%20muzzle%20velocities%20range%20from,velocity%20cartridges%20such%20as%20the%20"]Muzzle velocity - Wikipedia[/URL]. Meaning a 420 grain .69 caliber musket ball is delivering between 200 and 2,000 joules of energy on target (making 400 joules on the very low end off the scale). At a midrange of those speeds (800' per second) you're looking at around 600 ft/lbs or 800 joules of energy transfer. In so far as what kind of damage that kind of energy transfer causes to the human body: [ATTACH type="full" alt="1623346613302.png"]138081[/ATTACH] [ATTACH type="full" alt="1623346649321.png"]138082[/ATTACH] A projectile travelling through tissue with that kind of energy behind it, causes a temporary cavity (this can be seen with the displacement of ballistic gel in slow-mo videos posted above, causing the gel to expand well above its normal size and shape before rapidly contracting back down again). This effect causes catastrophic damage to the tissues in that temporary cavity (over and above the damage caused by the 'hole' plus any fragmentation effects). Bullets dont just punch holes in people. Anyone that thinks they do is ignoring terminal ballistics and basic physics of what happens to the human body when the energy contained in a bullet is absorbed by the human body. [/QUOTE]
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