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Message: <blockquote data-quote="Steampunkette" data-source="post: 8301484" data-attributes="member: 6796468">I went off the basis of the 414m/s muzzle velocity from this video using a .8 bore musket with a .69 ball. The same size as the Brown Bess. However it isn't a 13 gram ball. That's for the Pistol. The Musketball is 32 grams. It's listed in the thread.[MEDIA=youtube]Mwhmk-4bDS4[/MEDIA]Which not only includes a healthy discussion of the differences between modern gunpowders but also the cavitation created by that impact. Skip forward to 9:50 and you can see nice visual charts showing the actual measurements of the temporary cavity, the purpose of using the Ballistic Gelatin in this case.The whole "300m/s" thing comes from Flamestrike posting speeds of Musket Balls ranging from 120m/s up to 370m/s from a Wikipedia article. Y'know. Finding the Average since the musket we'd be talking about would be about 200-300 years older than the Brown Bess.As to the pistol velocity being lower, it's based on the Wheellock Pistol video by the same person.[MEDIA=youtube]tbkkfy6Wx1U[/MEDIA]Skip ahead to about 18:26 for a discussion of the paper cartridge's muzzle velocity and joules. Which were lower than I got from using the speed of the flintlock pistol in the kinetic energy calculator linked previously in the thread. Same one I used to get the 2793J for the Musket at 414m/s and .032kg weight.[URL unfurl="true"]https://www.calculatorsoup.com/calculators/physics/kinetic.php[/URL]Though if you want Newtons you're gonna need this one:[URL unfurl="true"]https://www.calculatorsoup.com/calculators/physics/force.php[/URL]Using this Acceleration Calculator: <a href="https://www.omnicalculator.com/physics/acceleration" target="_blank">Acceleration Calculator | Definition | Formula</a>I input 0m/s, 414m/s, and 0.024 seconds as the time interval (rounding off) for a total of 172,500m/s squared for acceleration. Toss that in the Force Calculator for the 0.032kg weight for a total of 5520N.Just for the average muzzle velocity of muskets I went ahead and did it again with 300m/s and a time of 0.0033. Wound up with an acceleration of 90909m/s squared and a Force of 2909N.Just for the sake of completeness, let's knock out the Wheellock while we're at it. With a Muzzle Velocity of 271m/s and a barrel length of 0.4 meters (16 inches). Because it's less than a meter I divided 1 second by the speed, then multiplied the result by 0.4 to get a time interval of 0.0014 seconds. Toss that in the acceleration calculator and we get 193,571m/s squared. Pop that into the Force Calculator with a .013kg ball and... 2516NSomehow that feels wrong but I'm not sure where I messed up, or if I messed up. Help?Now for the Sword. A bit wilder. But here's the source: <a href="http://swordstem.com/2018/08/22/how-fast-do-swords-move-try-1/" target="_blank">http://swordstem.com/2018/08/22/how-fast-do-swords-move-try-1/</a>They provide a chart image I can't embed on these forums that shows the sword's strike time taking about 0.145 seconds. So 0 to 21m/s in 0.145 seconds into the acceleration gives us: 144m/s squared.And then toss that into the Newtons Calculator with a 1.5kg longsword and: 217NYup! That is significantly tiny by comparison to the Force of the musketball. Thanks for correcting me on this! Weird that the Momentum would swing the other way.However... The video at the start of this, with the 414m/s muzzle velocity .69 caliber bullet shows the temporary cavity as being 3 inches wide at it's largest point. Which Emergency Room Doctors say isn't a significant wounding factor. That it takes a 4 inch to 10 inch temporary cavity to provide a significant wounding factor. Something that a .44 Magnum or a modern Rifle with a tumbling and/or yawing bullet can provide.Except in cases where an organ is struck by that temporary cavity that is particularly sensitive like the brain or liver, obviously. 3 inches is more than enough to push the no more birthday button, there, unless you're very lucky.</blockquote>

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