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Why do guns do so much damage?
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<blockquote data-quote="jhingelshod" data-source="post: 8588987" data-attributes="member: 18578"><p>And also very wrong. </p><p></p><p>Force is mass x acceleration, not mass x velocity.</p><p></p><p>Force as you describe it, is not a useful metric when discussing damage. When I sit in my chair, my 75kg mass accelerating at 9.8ms^-2 under the effect of gravity puts a force of about 750N through my butt...</p><p></p><p>What causes damage is impulse* (change in momentum) over very short times causing huge forces to occur and catastrophic amounts of energy to be released over a short time, which is why cars are designed with crumple zones, and why climbing ropes are stretchy.</p><p></p><p>Lets say I run into a brick wall at 5ms^-1. It's pretty hard so I come to a halt in 0.05 seconds.</p><p>Before I hit the wall, my momentum is m x v = 75 x 5 = 375Ns. Afterwards is 0, so the impulse is 375Ns (meaning that 375N of force would be required to stop me in 1 second). Unfortunately for my teeth, I come to a halt in 0.05s meaning that I experience 375/0.05 = 7500N for 1/20 of a second, 10 times what my body normally experiences. This is what motor-racing commentators call a 10G impact.</p><p>Now put some padding on that wall. I still come to a halt, but now it takes 0.25s. Same change in momentum but now dividing by 0.25 gives a smaller force of 1500N...a 2G impact.</p><p></p><p>*yes, I know I'm ignoring things like pressure, cutting, penetration etc <img class="smilie smilie--emoji" loading="lazy" alt="😊" title="Smiling face with smiling eyes :blush:" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/joypixels/assets/8.0/png/unicode/64/1f60a.png" data-shortname=":blush:" /></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="jhingelshod, post: 8588987, member: 18578"] And also very wrong. Force is mass x acceleration, not mass x velocity. Force as you describe it, is not a useful metric when discussing damage. When I sit in my chair, my 75kg mass accelerating at 9.8ms^-2 under the effect of gravity puts a force of about 750N through my butt... What causes damage is impulse* (change in momentum) over very short times causing huge forces to occur and catastrophic amounts of energy to be released over a short time, which is why cars are designed with crumple zones, and why climbing ropes are stretchy. Lets say I run into a brick wall at 5ms^-1. It's pretty hard so I come to a halt in 0.05 seconds. Before I hit the wall, my momentum is m x v = 75 x 5 = 375Ns. Afterwards is 0, so the impulse is 375Ns (meaning that 375N of force would be required to stop me in 1 second). Unfortunately for my teeth, I come to a halt in 0.05s meaning that I experience 375/0.05 = 7500N for 1/20 of a second, 10 times what my body normally experiences. This is what motor-racing commentators call a 10G impact. Now put some padding on that wall. I still come to a halt, but now it takes 0.25s. Same change in momentum but now dividing by 0.25 gives a smaller force of 1500N...a 2G impact. *yes, I know I'm ignoring things like pressure, cutting, penetration etc 😊 [/QUOTE]
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