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[World Design] Implications of a longer day
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<blockquote data-quote="Aexalon" data-source="post: 3583796" data-attributes="member: 16283"><p>O-kay, thought it was time to nail down the system some more. All of you who can't stand numbers / math / science, skip this post <img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/joypixels/assets/8.0/png/unicode/64/1f609.png" class="smilie smilie--emoji" loading="lazy" width="64" height="64" alt=";)" title="Wink ;)" data-smilie="2"data-shortname=";)" /></p><p></p><p>Requirements: <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Total solar intensity experienced at Garden (and thus also the planet) equivalent to that which we experience on Earth.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Orbit a multiple of 60 Garden days (150 Earth days).</li> </ul><p>Some calculating lead to the conclusion that a 150 Earth day orbit will make those stars really puny indeed (e.g. 2 x Xi Bootes B, a K4 main sequence star), and worse, the orbit really tight (only 0.34 AU radius, which is rather close to 2 still fairly large stars).</p><p></p><p>So, the planning committee tried a 300 Earth day orbit. For this purpose, we tried a system consisting of Tau Ceti (a G8 main sequence star) and 82 Erdiani (another G8 main sequence star), which resulted in a satisfactory period of 290 Earth days at about 1.09AU. If we increase that distance to 1.11AU, we get the desired 300 Earth days at 0.998 sols luminosity. Since earlier discussions proposed the toning down of total energy input to spare the sunsward side of the worldlets, this seems to fit perfectly.</p><p></p><p>As for their distance and orbit, we know that they appear 0.44 degrees and 0.39 degrees wide in Garden's sky (for reference, both the sun and the moon be about 0.5 degrees wide in the Earth's sky). However, a decision about the rotational period (and therefore their distance) has been delayed until possible metaphysical side-effects can be assigned (or waved). One possibility is that otherwise-typically-daily abilities recharge during the conjunction of the 2 center stars (who are now slowly, desperately, seeking names).</p><p></p><p>For Vecanoi (the distant third), we chose a Sirius replica at 4927AU from the barycenter of the two central stars. This yields an orbital period of 216000 (60*60*60) times that of the planet around those same two central stars. At this distance, Vecanoi still manages a hefty relative magnitude of -8, or 25 times brighter than Venus at it's brightest in the earth's sky ( and 20 times fainter than the full moon). Closer orbits were rejected over the issue of introducing yet another significant light source in an already complex system.</p><p></p><p>So, in summary: <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">The central suns are replica of <strong>82 G Eridani</strong> and <strong>Tau Ceti</strong>, and look 0.44 & 0.39 degrees (respectively) across in the sky. Their separation & orbital period remains under debate.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">The planet, a <strong>Jupiter</strong> replica, orbits this pair in 120 Garden days, at a distance of 1.11AU, in the same plane the stars orbit each other in (the ecliptic plane). The planet's axial tilt be 30 degrees relative to this plane.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Garden orbits the planet at 531Mm, taking 60 standard solar hours to do so. The orbital plane matches that of the planet's equator (30 degrees compared to the ecliptic), and Garden is tidally locked to the planet, resulting in a 60 standard solar hour day there. The planet looks some 16 by 15 degrees wide in Garden's sky, and might exhibit some faint rings no wider than 30 degrees. A full planet has about 4160 times the luminosity of a full moon (apparent magnitude -21.5), and results in some fairly decent "nocturnal" illumination, albeit bereft of almost any appreciable heat, at slightly less than 1% of the illumination provided by the suns. </li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Some 4927AU away Vecanoi, a <strong>Sirius</strong> replica, stands, a mere 0.33 arc seconds across (pretty much a point), shining with a white-blueish light slightly dimmer than that of our full moon (apparent magnitude -11.8). The period of the system in which the two center stars orbit a common Barycenter with Vecanoi is around 216 thousand orbits of the planet around the core stars. Besides some barely noticeable shift in background stars over time, this motion is imperceptible relative to the planet.</li> </ul><p></p><p></p><p></p><p>And to finish up a short apology: Until now I've erroneously performed calculations presuming that 6 orders of magnitude equal a hundredfold increase in luminosity. Instead, it seems that that should be 5 orders of magnitude. Therefore earlier statements involving such things as comparisons of various objects with the moon's apparent luminosity may be severely off. I'll try to correct them (in <span style="color: Red">red</span>) in my previous posts when I have some time available.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Aexalon, post: 3583796, member: 16283"] O-kay, thought it was time to nail down the system some more. All of you who can't stand numbers / math / science, skip this post ;) Requirements:[LIST] [*]Total solar intensity experienced at Garden (and thus also the planet) equivalent to that which we experience on Earth. [*]Orbit a multiple of 60 Garden days (150 Earth days).[/LIST]Some calculating lead to the conclusion that a 150 Earth day orbit will make those stars really puny indeed (e.g. 2 x Xi Bootes B, a K4 main sequence star), and worse, the orbit really tight (only 0.34 AU radius, which is rather close to 2 still fairly large stars). So, the planning committee tried a 300 Earth day orbit. For this purpose, we tried a system consisting of Tau Ceti (a G8 main sequence star) and 82 Erdiani (another G8 main sequence star), which resulted in a satisfactory period of 290 Earth days at about 1.09AU. If we increase that distance to 1.11AU, we get the desired 300 Earth days at 0.998 sols luminosity. Since earlier discussions proposed the toning down of total energy input to spare the sunsward side of the worldlets, this seems to fit perfectly. As for their distance and orbit, we know that they appear 0.44 degrees and 0.39 degrees wide in Garden's sky (for reference, both the sun and the moon be about 0.5 degrees wide in the Earth's sky). However, a decision about the rotational period (and therefore their distance) has been delayed until possible metaphysical side-effects can be assigned (or waved). One possibility is that otherwise-typically-daily abilities recharge during the conjunction of the 2 center stars (who are now slowly, desperately, seeking names). For Vecanoi (the distant third), we chose a Sirius replica at 4927AU from the barycenter of the two central stars. This yields an orbital period of 216000 (60*60*60) times that of the planet around those same two central stars. At this distance, Vecanoi still manages a hefty relative magnitude of -8, or 25 times brighter than Venus at it's brightest in the earth's sky ( and 20 times fainter than the full moon). Closer orbits were rejected over the issue of introducing yet another significant light source in an already complex system. So, in summary:[LIST] [*]The central suns are replica of [B]82 G Eridani[/B] and [B]Tau Ceti[/B], and look 0.44 & 0.39 degrees (respectively) across in the sky. Their separation & orbital period remains under debate. [*]The planet, a [B]Jupiter[/B] replica, orbits this pair in 120 Garden days, at a distance of 1.11AU, in the same plane the stars orbit each other in (the ecliptic plane). The planet's axial tilt be 30 degrees relative to this plane. [*]Garden orbits the planet at 531Mm, taking 60 standard solar hours to do so. The orbital plane matches that of the planet's equator (30 degrees compared to the ecliptic), and Garden is tidally locked to the planet, resulting in a 60 standard solar hour day there. The planet looks some 16 by 15 degrees wide in Garden's sky, and might exhibit some faint rings no wider than 30 degrees. A full planet has about 4160 times the luminosity of a full moon (apparent magnitude -21.5), and results in some fairly decent "nocturnal" illumination, albeit bereft of almost any appreciable heat, at slightly less than 1% of the illumination provided by the suns. [*]Some 4927AU away Vecanoi, a [B]Sirius[/B] replica, stands, a mere 0.33 arc seconds across (pretty much a point), shining with a white-blueish light slightly dimmer than that of our full moon (apparent magnitude -11.8). The period of the system in which the two center stars orbit a common Barycenter with Vecanoi is around 216 thousand orbits of the planet around the core stars. Besides some barely noticeable shift in background stars over time, this motion is imperceptible relative to the planet.[/LIST] And to finish up a short apology: Until now I've erroneously performed calculations presuming that 6 orders of magnitude equal a hundredfold increase in luminosity. Instead, it seems that that should be 5 orders of magnitude. Therefore earlier statements involving such things as comparisons of various objects with the moon's apparent luminosity may be severely off. I'll try to correct them (in [COLOR=Red]red[/COLOR]) in my previous posts when I have some time available. [/QUOTE]
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