I'm not really seeing it and it's all conjecture with no math and no strong arguments.
You're doing less damage, you have a worse AC than someone doing the same damage as you would have, you're dealing with more penalties (cover, range, DMs being twerps as per your example etc.), you have to blow your fighting style just to try and deal with that fact rather than to give you a real advantage. They also can't act as a tank, can't perform Attacks of Opportunity (unless I guess you swing at them unarmed or something). It's not as far behind melee as it could be, but from what you're presenting, the idea that it's "too strong" seems laughable, unless you think ranged should be miles behind melee, which I sure do not.
Ranged Rogues have to stay within 30ft, which negates a lot of the advantages of being ranged in the first place, and to reliably get SA they have to use Steady Aim, which means no moving before or after the attack, and again, that negates a lot of the advantages of being ranged. Someone like a dual-wielding Swashbuckler Rogue is going to get SA more reliably, for sure, and may well be just straight-up more dangerous, and not that dramatically more risky given you're rooted to the spot due to Steady Aim.
Also your example is basically "I had a lucky streak", and is totally meaningless, not even anecdotally interesting, without numbers to give it context.
And people involving Feats are generally fantasists (at least until a Feat at L1 and L4 becomes the rules), because they're usually talking about a character who "comes online" at level 8 or 12, outside corner cases caused by DM decisions like rolled stats + free Feats.
I played a multiclassed Rogue before Steady Aim was a thing, and the only time I couldn't get Sneak Attack was when there was some wacky wind effect giving me disadvantage. Also, where are you getting this "30 feet" from?
Now granted, yes, what I was doing was shooting at someone who had a melee guy next to them, so you could argue that if everyone was ranged, then I'd have to come up with another way to get Sneak Attack.
But that doesn't negate my point about ranged builds being strong. And sure, yes, my AC is 3 points lower because I don't use a Shield; but I see tons of Fighters who use two handed weapons and polearms, so I don't think that's a fair comparison. Further, what about Barbarians? Their AC is garbage,
and most of them seem to think granting advantage to all their enemies each turn is amazing! In addition, ranged characters get targeted by less attacks than melee.
As for my one opportunity attack a round, so what? How often enemies provoke is purely a campaign-dependent thing, as my experience was, enemies belly up to somebody and stay there until they have to move.
Also, as an aside, I kept enemies off my teammates just fine as a Battlemaster, but that's a side point. As for Feats, I, personally, never took Sharpshooter- I never had need of it. I already got a +2 to hit to negate soft cover if it came up. I didn't take Crossbow Expert either, as a Rogue, I had a bonus action Disengage for that.
Finally, as for my "lucky streak", it's not really that lucky. At level 11, I had a +12 to hit with my +1 shortbow. If I only need 8 or less (usually more like needing a 5 or 6) to hit an enemy, disadvantage really isn't that big a deal.