When you say "poison spray" do you mean the spell by that name, or the dragon's poison damage-dealing breath weapon?
I assume because you say "us" that the spray hit more than one character, which leads me to believe this was a breath weapon in play - and with that being the case it's hard to tell from the information you have given exactly how close the dragon had to be to whom in order to attack as it did.
But, in the general sense, it is far from impossible that a dragon could get all of the characters with a single breath weapon usage while not entering anyone of the characters' reach, and thus never leaving the characters' reach - which is the only way opportunity attacks are provoked (normally, at least).