I've certainly heard about Traveller, but apart from the whole "you can die during character creation" thing I know next to nothing about it, and I doubt that's a part of the current game.
It's an optional rule in the most recent edition, I think.
Traveller is a 2d6+mod vs TN system. It's normally a very quick and easy to run/play game. You can bolt on a lot of extra stuff to make it heavier rules. The more recent Mongoose editions do this. Some people like them, others not so much.
Traveller, regardless of edition, is generally a gritty space game. You're playing basically normal humans out in space with all the dangers that come with that.
There are generally few aliens, though they do exist. So this isn't like Star Wars or Star Trek.
The closest analog in recent years is Expanse or Firefly. The default setting is slightly more tech advanced than either franchise. Though it's not really a space western unless you want to push that onto the setting.
There are several modes you can play in: explorer, trader, military, etc.
Most version of Traveller dig deep into the simulation of being in space, logistics, supplies, etc. Tracking how much fuel and food and cargo capacity you have is a big part of the game for some people.
Traveller games tend to be very into the gear fetish side of things. Multiple big books of ships, weapons, vehicles, etc.
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