The statements you gave are the opening to the entire section. Each and every single one of them.
Yes, some of those traits are innate, something people are born with. I agree. Yes, some of those traits are learned after they are born. I agree.
I disagree that Ability Scores are necessarily innate.
That is what you need to prove here. You need to prove that Ability scores, which can be increased and changed over time, that can be altered by training, environment, ect, are being represented by innate, born abilities.
Prove that. Don't tell me that you found out that some of these traits are innate, so that means that ASIs must be innate, because obviously some of those traits are not innate. So you still need to prove that ASIs are innate.
I can write it out for you. I can even go back to 4th edition and ask you to reread the racial bonuses and physical qualities of each race. The ones that specifically match and detail the bonus. But all you will say is: "It doesn't say they are born with it." And then I will say back: "But it literally says the race, meaning the entire race, has these qualities." And then you will say: "But maybe they just grew up in a culture that promoted it. Because it doesn't say they are born like that." And thus, the cyclical argument goes on forever.
So, let us say you are right. It's not nature, it is nurture. Because in the end, that is the two sides presented. OK. Then my character is from a highlands plain area full of runners. They run. We do it so much, that we are better than 99.9% of the other races. I want a +3 in con because we train so much in running. No other plusses, just a +3 con.
That is what my people do. As DM, is this okay, or is their a "natural" limit on how much a race (in your mind culture) can improve?
Yes, that was the examples that they gave.
Guess what, that doesn't mean that they defined every single version of playing against type.
And the examples they give in fourth edition are also focused on stats. But, apparently, you know what they meant.
Not archetypical? Huh, that isn't what Mordenkainen's says under Gnome Adventurers
The Pull of the Stars
Because of their extensive travels, gnome adventurers often become fascinated with the grandeur of the cosmos as seen in the motion of the stars across the sky. They view the cosmic array as a giant machine of wonderful complexity — a banquet for a curious gnomish mind. Many renowned astronomers, wizards, and extraplanar travelers are gnomes, having undertaken those disciplines in the hope of better understanding the workings of the multiverse.
That is what a splat book does. It doesn't reinforce archetypes, it tries to create new ones. Hence, why it is Mordenkainen's and not the PHB.
I also noticed that you didn't mention the lack of Orc Clerics. Since, you know, would be obviously archetypical.
Sorry. I didn't know you wanted me to address orc clerics. I do not think they would be archetypical. I apologize, I am a bit confused about this question.
See, you said it.
It is an optional rule.
So, no when you said "But if you choose to change a rule that has been in place for five years, and one that has been a staple for the game for several editions in a row, then maybe, just maybe, don't add it"
They have not changed the rule. They added an option. Options give a second path. They can do that for even fundamental parts of the game. They gave us 2 different options for creating Ability Scores, beyond rolling. Yes, they did that early, and they did not do this early, but that does not mean that they should have scraped the entirety of fifth edition before offering this option.
Tables are not going to be "forced" to adopt it. And obviously there is a lot of lore people don't even know about that can start getting accessed. Are the stats the first thing players encounter? Sometimes. Sometimes not. But, if I have a new player , I'm not throwing every book at them. I'm going to guide them through the process, and that means that they are seeing and hearing the rules I as the DM am giving them. And, a lot of the time, I'm giving them different rules than what is in the book, because I have a lot of houserules anyways.
Tables are not forced to do anything, including the use of spells. We know this. But few tables do not use feats. Yet, they are optional. Few tables do not use races outside of PHB. Yet those are optional. Even fewer don't use spells or backgrounds outside of the PHB, but those are optional.
The game is a compromise between different types of players, DM's and people. That's it. So if Tasha's is a great selling book, then these rules will be put into place on many tables, including some that do not want it there.