Act I - Ten Towns Quests - Most of these are mini-adventures which I think is great for learning the game. There are 2 'full' ones
Cauldron Caves -
Encounters 6: 2 Harpies, Dire Wolf, Water Weird, Frost Giant Skeleton, Sea Hag and Will-o'-wisp, Crawling Claws
Penalty for long rest: None but players think missing NPCs could still be alive and might die if they rest.
Mountain Climb -
Encounters 5: 1 random wilderness encounter, avalanche, 2 crag cats, Yeti, Yeti
Penalty for long rest: Garret might die
ActII - Most of these adventures have 4 encounters. I think the designers were intending random encounters to make up the difference but there is that overland travel problem again.
Act III - Sunblight
The party can fight the dragon in which case they are probably facing 2 random encounters (or more) plus many encounters with the dragon as it flies from town to town. The penalty for long resting is that the dragon burns down Ten Towns
Fortress: 13 Encounters - 10 Guards, Grandolpha Muzgardt with dragon and 3 Duergar, Mind Master and Mimic, Duergar and Ogre Zombie, 4 Animated Armour, 2 Duergar and 2 Duergar Hammerers, 4 Duergar and Umber Hulk, 3 Rust Monsters, 4 Duergar, Xardarok Sunblight and minions, Duergar Hammerer, 15 Duergar, 2 Hammerers
Penalty for long rest - Dragon is repaired and fortress denizens better able to respond to PC threat
Auril's Abode 11+ Encounters - There are 6 encounters in the shipwrecks, Ghost, Abominable Yeti, 7 Yetis, Ice Troll, Frost Giant, 7 Piercers, Giant Walrus, 2 Frost Giant Skeletons, 4 Tests, Auril (3 forms), Roc
Penalty for long resting - Not given though in Auril's home and she hates creatures who shelter themselves from the cold. Extreme cold is also DC 15 here.
Caves of Hunger - Lots of encounters here. Long rests are punished by harassment from Tekeli-li which may not be a problem. Evil wizards are also on their way.
Doom of Ythryn - Plenty of encounters and PCs are in a race against the evil wizards