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Hello, I am lawyer with a PSA: almost everyone is wrong about the OGL and SRD. Clearing up confusion.

First off, I want to thank everyone for their reasoned, coherent posts. This thread, with it's plethora of knowledgeable people posting their best 'experienced' opinion here has done a world of good to my overall outlook. Of course this is a fluid situation, and nobody but NOBODY knows what the lay of the land is (other than perhaps WoTC/Hasbro), so an observation, and a few questions.

Observation: I saw a post over on Reddit from a Paizo 'Design Manager' for PF2E (dated about 10 months ago). From the tone of that thread, I got the impression that Paizo was aware of issues with the OGL, or simply uneasy with it. The poster bluntly said "Not using the OGL was a serious consideration for PF2". That the decision to keep using the OGL came down to keeping down costs (extra copyright/trade dress scrutiny requirements), and other reasons (3PP Comfort, etc..). Unfortunately instead of seeing the license for the sheer academic compare/contrast interests, I fear WoTC's actions have now made it more likely to be seen for simple 'CYA' reasons.
Then when I saw the post post about WoTC/Hasbro going nuclear though, I had to wonder... There are/were lots of former WoTC people at Paizo, and I'd have no problem believing that if WoTC/Hasbro was even glancing at a 'nuclear' option approach, Paizo would have probably heard about it. I also have no hesitation in believing Paizo has a "Wing Defense Plan R"(*) directive somewhere in their headquarters too.

Anyone feeling like giving a wild a** guess (WAG) on what kind of things would/should we expect from a publisher when they move from one license to another (GPL/Paizo/OpenLicense x.x/whatever). Does the producer simply issue an update to their existing product, including the new license along side the OGL? Or would they need to make a material/substantive change to their current product before releasing it as a new version/edition with the new license and no OGL?

Secondly, what's a good WAG on the timeframe here? Something we'll see go down in the next 3-4 months, or does WoTC keep treating this as a FUD campaign, and drag it out as long as possible? I (like many here) think the longer this goes on, the worse the poisoning damage to WoTC, but then again I'm occasionally accused of being rational. ;)

(*) Reference to the 'Wing Attack Plan R' in Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb.
Well, the thread has moved fast, but in terms of a strategy for publishing a "D&D-like RPG" under a non-OGL license, its clearly a theoretical possibility. I'm not aware of anyone who has done it, though honestly it probably HAS happened. I'd note that some games tread rather close, like Dungeon World has classes and races and a lot of tropes that clearly are rooted at least partially in 'D&D-isms' (like every class is found somewhere in 3e and represents a similar character archetype). Yet it is published under no license at all, simply containing an ordinary copyright notice. Now, DW is not a LOT like D&D in some ways, but it still has hit points, the classic 6 ability scores, ability score bonuses, magic items that (sometimes give pluses), etc. It has players, a Game Master, etc. It is clearly kissing cousins with D&D in some sense. Note that WotC has certainly never said anything about DW. It is unlikely the developers of that game have paid for some sort of license, etc. (though anything is possible I suppose).

So, really, since you cannot patent or trademark RULES THEMSELVES, even to an original game like D&D, we can more than 'Wild A** Guess' that you can make an RPG that is a LOT LIKE D&D, and still not tread too close to the line. My own game isn't really a 'published work', but it also doesn't claim to be OGL and has many similarities to 4e D&D (and thus D&D generally). Obviously I cannot say it would be safe to distribute without drawing the attention of WotC, but there is a very plausible theory that it would be, as any congruence of rules between it and some version of D&D SHOULDN'T tread on any of WotC's rights (IE if I don't plagiarize their rules, basically). Another aspect might be the concept of 'design patents' that they might hold, say on the formats of spells or monster stat blocks, potentially, or the layout of a character sheet. Clearly the less like any edition of D&D such elements are, the less one has to worry.

The real problem, and what undoubtedly concerns Paizo is simply that there is SOME LINE over which WotC will decide to issue a C&D letter, and that line could change with time and who happens to be making that call this Tuesday vs last Tuesday. Dealing with such an eventuality, almost regardless of its merit, is pretty much a crushing burden when WotC, the 9,000 pound gorilla of the RPG world is in the other corner. Thus nobody has dared, as flawed as the OGL is, it has customarily been respected at the level of its clear intent for 23 years and until now the latent threat inherent in Section 9 et al has lain dormant. The situation today puts that in some question, and thus may tip the scales in some people's minds in favor of reverting to something like CC-BY-SA instead, with the hope that WotC's understanding of IP law restrains them. It seems a scant restraint however. Honestly, I think what we are most likely to see is some people with less skin in the game, and games that are less D&D-like than the clearly 3e-derived PF2 (indirectly by way of PF1) bail on the OGL. WotC may lack the stomach to C&D them, given that the optics will be poor. So once that happens, then others will come along and expand on this body of whatever, CC-BY-SA lets say, content. At some point, aside from stuff that is clearly 'WotC product identity' the whole issue could become so clouded that nobody will ever have a clear cause for action and that will be that. Beholders might forever be WotC's, but "floating eyes" or whatever will be open content. Of course WotC may decide they are going to fight that future tooth and nail, and maybe that is exactly where they are going with this. If so, they are going to Scorched Earth half the RPG industry in the process...
 

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Any talk or speculation of selling out is pointless. First, selling out what? Is someone strongly on the record promoting open gaming content and then switched or went silent because Hasbro paid them to? If a business makes a business decision, that is not selling out.

Second, the story is that WoTC approached certain major players with the new OGL (and maybe new contract) under NDA. Their silence now may just be them keeping their legal promise under the NDA.

Finally, any publisher that plans a legal fight would be extremely stupid to say what it is in advance. Any lawyer they hired would have said to shut up. It is also incredibly stupid for Hasbro to comment now.

Actually, the dearth of USA lawyers opining here makes me think they the ones tied into RPG gaming are being hired.

I view any claims that this silence is anything but following the terms of the NDA and/or their lawyers advice is just a search for YouTube views.
 

pemerton

Legend
It's only fraud if they don't release the OGL 1.1.
Who is being defrauded? What financial advantage is WotC getting via dishonesty?

As best I can tell, you have no idea what WotC has said to whom, what commitments have been made, and what the state of mind was behind each of those communications. The suggestion of fraud is utterly baseless.

What seems to me to be happening is hardball commercial tactics in the context of a complex distribution of IP rights under a private law scheme. This is the reality of "private orderings" and commercial ownership of cultural content working itself out.

Publishers who signed on to the OGL knew they were hitching their commercial wagon to WotC's copyrighted texts. They knew that WotC retained all its IP rights, and that as publishers their position depended upon the legal effectiveness of the licensing regime.

If the regime is in fact effective - and I fully accept (as per @Steel-Wind's posts in particular) that 20 years of commercial conduct and relationships is part of the contractual regime - then publishers can stand on their rights.

Conversely, if WotC has legal rights and powers that no one noticed up until now, that's how it is. I don't see why WotC is obliged, out of all the parties involved, to renounce its legal rights and powers as a matter of charity. Ryan Dancey certainly didn't present the OGL as a vehicle for charity - he argued quite forcefully that it was a commercial strategy for growing WotC's sales.

If 3PPs thought that their legal position was only sound so long as they were buttressed by a presumed commercial or PR reality that WotC would would refrain from asserting its full rights, well now they're discovering that WotC see the commercial and PR reality differently. And it's not as if there is no precedent for this - a similar thing happened with the GSL.

For my part, and building a little bit on @Greg Benage post not far upthread - without suggesting that he would endorse what I'm saying in this post - I don't have sympathy for the view that everyone is entitled to exercise their commercial and legal rights except for WotC which is obliged to act as a charity. And my own view is that 3PPS probably do have rights under the OGL, which they could then rely on for their defence.

The issue of WotC potentially abusing its market power in relation to OBS is a separate thing altogether, and as I posted upthread seems to come closer to raising anti-trust/competition law issues (though my expertise on that is thin enough that I don't pretend to know how close it might actually come to the level of impermissible conduct).
 

Matt Thomason

Adventurer
OneBookShelf may not be as willing to knuckle under as people think.

OneBookShelf is the top site for selling TTRPGs and wargames as PDFs, owning as much as 80-90% of that market. If Hasbro demands it stop selling legal PDFs that puts the company in a quandary. Rolling over for Hasbro and angering other publishers and customers might be an acceptable tradeoff while Hasbro is selling D&D products there, but what happens if Hasbro decides it can make more money by selling PDFs directly instead? It might be in OneBookShelf's best interest long-term to avoid helping Warehouse 23 cut into its market share by kicking legal PDFs off the site and sending their publishers to that storefront.
The relevant part of this I feel is "but what happens if Hasbro decides it can make more money by selling PDFs directly instead?"

Given that OneD&D's online component effectively does just that, by moving all future electronic D&D sales there. That only leaves OBS with historical D&D content, which I would hazard a guess is a smaller share of their business than, say, 3PP current edition Pathfinder PDFs, especially in that historical content is by its very nature a limited number of titles that are not expanding so there's a potential tail-off point where pretty much everyone that ever wants it, has bought it all. That's even before we get into the chance of WotC bringing DM's Guild and even the historical PDFs into their own online system.

So I would take an educated guess that OBS is far more concerned about its non-WotC business than its WotC business for anything short of a long term WotC deal (something which I would hazard a guess is the last thing Hasbro would want to do, given that the whole point of this exercise appears to be to bring everything back under their full control)
 

pemerton

Legend
The OGL v.1.0 prohibits licensees from adding or subtracting anything from the terms of the licence:


This statement seems to apply only to Open Game Content and not Product Identity. Could a licensee designate most of a derivative work as Product Identity and then release the Product Identity under a different licence (say Creative Commons)? Would this provide any protection against revocation / termination of the parent licence since the Product Identity is embedded in a derivative work?
If you designate derivative work as Product Identity, then you are infringing someone's copyright (ie whoever's work your work is derivative of) as you have no licence for your work.

Or have I misunderstood you?
 

Prime_Evil

Adventurer
Who is being defrauded? What financial advantage is WotC getting via dishonesty?

As best I can tell, you have no idea what WotC has said to whom, what commitments have been made, and what the state of mind was behind each of those communications. The suggestion of fraud is utterly baseless.

What seems to me to be happening is hardball commercial tactics in the context of a complex distribution of IP rights under a private law scheme. This is the reality of "private orderings" and commercial ownership of cultural content working itself out.

Publishers who signed on to the OGL knew they were hitching their commercial wagon to WotC's copyrighted texts. They knew that WotC retained all its IP rights, and that as publishers their position depended upon the legal effectiveness of the licensing regime.

If the regime is in fact effective - and I fully accept (as per @Steel-Wind's posts in particular) that 20 years of commercial conduct and relationships is part of the contractual regime - then publishers can stand on their rights.

Conversely, if WotC has legal rights and powers that no one noticed up until now, that's how it is. I don't see why WotC is obliged, out of all the parties involved, to renounce its legal rights and powers as a matter of charity. Ryan Dancey certainly didn't present the OGL as a vehicle for charity - he argued quite forcefully that it was a commercial strategy for growing WotC's sales.

If 3PPs thought that their legal position was only sound so long as they were buttressed by a presumed commercial or PR reality that WotC would would refrain from asserting its full rights, well now they're discovering that WotC see the commercial and PR reality differently. And it's not as if there is no precedent for this - a similar thing happened with the GSL.

For my part, and building a little bit on @Greg Benage post not far upthread - without suggesting that he would endorse what I'm saying in this post - I don't have sympathy for the view that everyone is entitled to exercise their commercial and legal rights except for WotC which is obliged to act as a charity. And my own view is that 3PPS probably do have rights under the OGL, which they could then rely on for their defence.

The issue of WotC potentially abusing its market power in relation to OBS is a separate thing altogether, and as I posted upthread seems to come closer to raising anti-trust/competition law issues (though my expertise on that is thin enough that I don't pretend to know how close it might actually come to the level of impermissible conduct).
I suspect what you are saying is true. If WotC want to offer content associated with OneDnD under a different licence to the one used by previous editions, that is entirely their prerogative. I suspect they will ring-fence the new material, clearly labelling it as Licensed Content rather than Open Game Content. I also think the use of Licensed Content will require licensees to agree to a waiver of their rights under the OGL v1.0a. The wording will matter as it may be possible for companies to spin off a subsidiary at arm's length to publish OneDnD material if the wording is loose. I suspect lawyers acting for Hasbro will be aware of this potential loophole.

At the same time, I suspect WoTC will not be able to unilaterally terminate the OGL v.1.0. I am not yet aware of any plausible mechanism they could use to do this. Reliance on the concept of "de-authorisation" as some people have speculated seems risky. It relies upon a specific interpretation of Section 9. Given that a separate termination clause exists, it is possible courts would not support this interpretation.

If I had to take a guess, I would argue their best chance to kill the old licence would involve copyright law rather than contract law..They could simply withdraw the offer for third-parties to distribute copies of the licence itself. I suspect this approach is viable, but not immune to challenge. Existing licensees could point to the requirement within the licence itself. They might also have a reliance-based argument. New licensees might be I'm a more tenuous position, but given the OGL gives existing licensees the right to grant sublicenses this is not insoluble.

Does this sound like a reasonable interpretation?
 

Prime_Evil

Adventurer
If you designate derivative work as Product Identity, then you are infringing someone's copyright (ie whoever's work your work is derivative of) as you have no licence for your work.

Or have I

If you designate derivative work as Product Identity, then you are infringing someone's copyright (ie whoever's work your work is derivative of) as you have no licence for your work.

Or have I misunderstood you?
I believe you can only designate your additions to the corpus as Product Identity. I also believe you can't designate somebody else's OGC as Product Identity. My question was focused on whether a dual.licensing scheme is feasible? If so, it might be possible to release Product Identity under a different licence.
 

I suspect what you are saying is true. If WotC want to offer content associated with OneDnD under a different licence to the one used by previous editions, that is entirely their prerogative. I suspect they will ring-fence the new material, clearly labelling it as Licensed Content rather than Open Game Content. I also think the use of Licensed Content will require licensees to agree to a waiver of their rights under the OGL v1.0a. The wording will matter as it may be possible for companies to spin off a subsidiary at arm's length to publish OneDnD material if the wording is loose. I suspect lawyers acting for Hasbro will be aware of this potential loophole.

At the same time, I suspect WoTC will not be able to unilaterally terminate the OGL v.1.0. I am not yet aware of any plausible mechanism they could use to do this. Reliance on the concept of "de-authorisation" as some people have speculated seems risky. It relies upon a specific interpretation of Section 9. Given that a separate termination clause exists, it is possible courts would not support this interpretation.

If I had to take a guess, I would argue their best chance to kill the old licence would involve copyright law rather than contract law..They could simply withdraw the offer for third-parties to distribute copies of the licence itself. I suspect this approach is viable, but not immune to challenge. Existing licensees could point to the requirement within the licence itself. They might also have a reliance-based argument. New licensees might be I'm a more tenuous position, but given the OGL gives existing licensees the right to grant sublicenses this is not insoluble.

Does this sound like a reasonable interpretation?
One theory is that they terminate all previous licenses leaving only the new one. They revoke them.
 

Prime_Evil

Adventurer
One theory is that they terminate all previous licenses leaving only the new one. They revoke them.
I'm aware of this theory. But I'm not convinced it is plausible. It relies on using the update mechanism in the OGL v1.0a to terminate the licence by declaring it no longer authorised. This may not be possible given no mechanism for superseding old versions is specified and a separate termination clause exists.Indeed, the OGL v1.0a permits licensees to choose amongst different versions of the licence. This assumes multiple revisions can be simultaneously valid.
 

I'm aware of this theory. But I'm not convinced it is plausible. It relies on using the update mechanism in the OGL v1.0a to terminate the licence by declaring it no longer authorised. This may not be possible given no mechanism for superseding old versions is specified and a separate termination clause exists.Indeed, the OGL v1.0a permits licensees to choose amongst different versions of the licence. This assumes multiple revisions can be simultaneously valid.
This thread was started by a lawyer that feels that they can just revoke/terminate it. The other lawyers in this this thread had not argued against the general right to terminate / revoke a license. Yes, there might be things that would block it, but those are theories and there is a feeling that it does not say it cannot be revoked therefore it can be.

Unless you are a lawyer studied in this area and you have case law/experience to say otherwise?

The above aside, I also do not think just revoking it is such a slam dunk but it will be up to a judge to decide.
 

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