All you classic/trad GMs are all on about the authenticity of the living world and verisimilitude and variations on the theme of games that focus the development of the world on the PCs as unrealistic and whatever. This is what reality is like. Sometimes someone murders a bunch of people and walks away! Sometimes (and in a fairly chaotic low tech fantasy world filled with evil bad guys, bandits, orc tribes, wars, etc. this all seems pretty likely) authorities just don't have a lot of power. Sometimes they don't feel like doing something. Sometimes other authorities take advantage, etc. etc. etc. All this is stuff that happens in the REAL world, so why is it implausible in the fantasy world? I mean, sure maybe there ARE consequences, or at least there certainly are some people that would like there to be. Maybe some time in the future the party fighter will feel a shiv stuck in his kidney while he's drinking at the bar, and a voice will say "remember that guard captain! That was my father! Ain't paybacks a bitch!" Or maybe not.
I think this point about verisimilitude and plausibility is well made.
I wanted to add: as you (AbdulAlhazred) know, I have significant doubts about the capacity of the Gygax-type exploration model of play to be extended into other fictional environments, like towns and cities, where the number of fictional elements and their interactions becomes too intricate for a GM to plausibly "map" the world and write it all up in a key. Still, if one sets aside my doubts and aims at that goal, there are various well-known techniques to support it, one of which is random encounters. (And other RPGs that don't emphasise the exploration model of play also use random encounters/events to support verisimilitude and the "living, breathing" unfolding of the world - eg Torchbearer's camp and town event tables.)
So one could imagine that fugitive PCs perhaps have the chance of an encounter stepped up by 1 pip on the relevant die, to reflect the fact that authorities, bounty hunters, daughters of murdered guard captains, etc are now trying to track them down and hold them to account for their crimes. Whether the encounter table is adjusted to reflect this, or whether some entries on the ordinary table get interpreted and brought into play in light of this adjustment to the encounter chance is a further question of implementation which should be easy enough to resolve.
I just don't see any sense in which preserving the verisimilitude of the setting mandates the sort of "crushed from on high like the bugs they are" approach being advocated by some posters in this thread.
EDITed to add:
Heck, in England as recently as 300 years ago it was incredibly dangerous on the roads, because there were highwaymen everywhere, you think that was because nobody could be bothered to get rid of them, or they weren't actually a problem? No, the government, supposedly this mighty empire, was too weak to police the roads within 50 miles of London. Before modern communications, automobile transport, etc. it was HARD to keep order anywhere. Rome had the same problem 2000 years ago, you could get robbed 50 miles outside the city walls, it happened 100 times a day.
Right. In his famous work Leviathan, Hobbes (as part of his argument about human's propensity to conflict with one another) points out to the reader that of course, when leaving home and travelling, one locks one's doors and arms oneself.
In contemporary Australia we still generally lock our doors, but almost all of the population goes about unarmed.
Projecting contemporary conceptions of what peaceful life is like onto a D&D-type setting is highly
un-verisimilitudinous.
Likewise if one considers the inspirational fiction: one of the most famous REH Conan stories, for instance - Queen of the Black Coast - involves Conan boarding a vessel sailing from a port in Argos because he is being pursued by guards after having killed a judge and other guards who had forced him to be a material witness in a trial.
There is no sense in the story that Conan is the villain, and that as a result he will be unable to ever appear in civilised lands again. And in fact, as we all know, he goes on to be a very popular ruler of the most civilised land of all!