In a number of Appendix N sources characters either come from or visit earth- even if they don't know it. I can't recall which, but in one of the L. Sprague de Camp novels (it's a burly wizard apprentice iirc? a series of books) a Rope Trick leads him into a place that the magician I think calls purgatory, but it's basically the middle of a nighttime modern highway with cars going this way and that- I think it was well described, so that you didn't know what it was at first but quickly figured out after a paragraph or two of this guy dodging cards on a highway in the dark.
Not a direct answer to D&D cosmology- but I think that the Elminster-visiting-Ed Greenwood-type answers are the best you'll get.