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" In the same way you figure out the difficulty of an encounter, you can use the XP values of monsters and other opponents in an adventure as a guideline for how far the party is likely to progress. For each character in the party, use the Adventuring Day XP table to estimate how much XP that...

You had to completely change the effect of the Twin Spell ability entirely to make it work for your group. Thats EXACTLY the reason why twin spell was changed.

Exactly. One medium encounter won't challenge your group. If you only give a group medium encounters, you should have them face around SEVEN of them. If you give them only deadly encounters, they should still face around THREE. 5e is and can only work as an attrition game. It will not as...

Honestly the main reason they changed it, imo, is not that it was too powerful, but that it was too confusing what did and didn't quality for twinned.

Why use 2024 at all? No one is forcing you to play the new edition. Keep on keeping on with what you and your players already like.

Why are you putting a bunch of effort into something that only affects one player at your table?

Shadowdark is not a clone of any other system. It is not 100% compatible with TSR era dnd without conversion. It takes a lot of inspiration from modern games - particularly 5e, Index Card RPG, and Dungeon Crawl Classics. It is mostly compatible with TSR dnd with some conversion, in the same...

It is entirely GM fiat whether players can make a custom background. It is not the standard rule, as it was in 2014. Page 36: "Choose your character's background, and write it on your character sheet. You can choose any of the backgrounds detailed in chapter 4, and your DM might offer...

Examples of rules that OSE has for the sole reason that they were in B/X, but that don't match the OSR ethos described in principia apocrypha or the Old School Primer: Searching in OSE is always done with an 1-in-6 roll rather than interrogating the fiction. Most people ignore this. OSE...

Shadowdark uses a real-time tracker for light sources instead of 10 minute turns like OSE. Shadowdark uses always-on initiative rounds instead of players having a Caller and resolving actions simultaneously like OSE. Shadowdark uses d20+mod roll high with variable DCs, rather than...

Its also worth emphasizing how good Aid is. Aid will stack with most other bonuses and penalties, and isn't subject to MAP. The DC for Aid is low enough that it will quickly become a nearly guaranteed +1 or +2 to any roll. It make a fantastic Third Action.

My understanding of domain play is that once you got a stronghold, you'd retire your character and make a new one.

The most important thing bastions will do is be a money sink for the tens and hundreds of thousands of gold the party gets in mid-high levels

Attacking more than twice in a turn isn't a good idea because of the Multi Attack Penalty (MAP). Don't fall into the trap of just repeatedly attacking with low accuracy. When building a PC, try to find "third actions" to take that don't have the Attack trait. Some good examples are: Raise a...

That is not a duration. Everything a spell does is its effect. Everything which has a duration that a spell does ends when the spell's duration ends.

Restoring hit points does not have a duration. Temp HP has a duration - they last until depleted or you finish a long rest - unless a more specific rule gives it another duration. The healing from Aura of Vitality (duration 1 minute) does not disappear when the spell ends, since healing does...

Dispel magic can only be used on spells with ongoing effects - that is, spells with a duration. Dispel magic could be used to end Polymorph, which would also remove any Temp HP granted by Polymorph. Dispel magic cannot be used to dispel False Life, since False Life has a duration of...

Specific trumps general. The rules in the description of Polymorph - that its duration is concentration up to an hour - are more specific than the rules for how temp hp works. Compare to False Life - which has a duration of instantaneous. The temp HP for false life follows the general rule...

Ultimately the issue is that complexity which used to be opt-in is now baseline. You used to be able to opt in to having a harder character by either picking a spellcaster, taking feats, or a taking complex martial subclass. Now things like feats, Weapon masteries, Rogue's Cunning strikes, etc...

Exactly - when your playstyle does not align with what a game's rules are designed for, you will have to create your own to patch the experience.