D&D 5E Confusion

[Balfore]

Is the Confusion spell considered a Charm?
If someone has immunity to Charm, will confusion work?

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[Sword of Spirit]

5e doesn't really have category descriptors like charm, mind-affecting, fear, etc. Instead, most everything is self-contained. As far as charming goes, there is such a thing as the charmed condition. Some things have or grant immunity to the charmed condition. Other things might even say something like they grant immunity to any spell or effect that would produce the charmed condition (I can't think of one off the top of my head, but there could be one). Other specific spells say things like, "Undead and creatures immune to being charmed aren't affected by this spell" (from the sleep spell).

In all cases, you just go by what the material right in front of you says. There is no mention of the charmed condition in the effects of the confusion spell, so immunity to the charmed condition does nothing regarding that spell.

 

[Balfore]

But there are schools of magic that produce an effect...
Wouldn't an 'Enchantment' spell be considered something like a charm?
Or even the Command spell is an Enchantment spell...
What spells would not affect someone if they were immune to Charm?
Some races are resistant as well...

 

[Delazar]

look for spells that say "the creature is charmed. While charmed, following effect applies..."

If a creature is immune to "charmed" condition, then it is immune to that spell.

For example "charm person" (duh?) mentions: If it fails the saving throw, it is charmed by you. The charmed creatures regards you as a friendly acquaintance.
Also see "enthrall": Any creature that can't be charmed succeeds on this saving throw automatically
Also see "suggestion": Creatures that can't be charmed are immune to this effect.
Also see "domination": It must succeed on a Wisdoms saving throw, or be charmed by you. While the target is charmed, you havea telepathic link... etc etc.

and so on...

Power Word Kill is an enchantment spell, but being immuned to the "charmed" condition won't make you immune to it.

 

[Sword of Spirit]

But there are schools of magic that produce an effect...
Wouldn't an 'Enchantment' spell be considered something like a charm?
Or even the Command spell is an Enchantment spell...
What spells would not affect someone if they were immune to Charm?
Some races are resistant as well...

Nope, that's exactly how 5e does not do it. It's a change if you are used to 3e, for instance, since it relied on that sort of thing extensively.

The schools of magic, just like the creature types have zero game effect in and of themselves. They are only there for other things in the game to potentially refer to. So an undead creature has no immunities just by being undead. If a particular monster is immune to something, the creature entry will mention it, but nothing mechanically is implied by creature type.

It's worth pointing out that you may have an incorrect understand of charming in particular.

Nobody is immune to Charm or charms as you are envisioning it, since it doesn't exist in that way.

There is only a condition known as "charmed", that you will find described in the conditions appendix. Many creatures are immune to the charmed condition, but there is nothing that makes anything fall under that immunity other than by referencing the condition itself. The enchantment school has no inherent effect.

Being immune or getting bonuses against being charmed refers to the mechanical condition titled charmed and nothing else.