I get the impression this question is directed at Elfcrusher, but my two cents for anyone who might be interested is, yes, but only if the opportunity to gain that advantage is actually lost. Trying to hide is a good example of a case where the loss of an opportunity to gain an advantage is a meaningful consequence. If you don’t successfully hide right now, you’re not going to have time to set up your ambush before your target arrives (or whatever). An example of a case where the loss of advantage for success would not be a meaningful consequence in my mind would be something along the lines of researching in a library. On a succes, you’ll find relevant information, which certainly constitutes an advantage that failure would deny you. But if you fail, no big deal, keep researching for a few more hours and see if you find the information this time (I’m assuming the information in question is available in the library, otherwise we wouldn’t be rolling for a different reason). So, failure doesn’t actually deny you the advantage, it just makes the advantage take longer to gain, sp unless that time is a finite resource, that’s not a real consequence.