Perudo/Liar's Dice/Pirate's Dice (as seen in Pirates of the Caribbean) is pretty fun.
Requires 5 6-sided dice and a cup per player. Everyone puts the dice in their cup, shakes 'em, and then slams 'em down on the table. You can look at your own dice.
The first person makes a bid by picking a number of dice and a face, such as "four 1s" or "two 3s". The next person can either raise the number by one or more (from "four 1s" to "five 1s") OR raise the die face by one or more (from "four 1s" to "four 3s") OR do both (from "four 1s" to "five 3s").
On your turn, you can either raise the bid or challenge the previous bidder. If you challenge, everyone reveals all of their dice; if there are at least as many of the specified dice, then the bidder wins, and otherwise the challenger wins. For example, if you challenge me on four 1s and there are only three 1s among everyone's dice, you win and I lose.
The loser loses a die. You're out of the game when you lose all five of your dice. Last man standing wins.