FormerlyHemlock
Hero
Hopefully it would be an okay challenge to 5 1st level PCs.
Well, it depends on your PCs and what you want your game to be like. If I were in your shoes, I'd say: I like golems, and I like smart tactics, so I'll go with a clay golem gone berserk and threatening to sink the ship after an accidental explosion reduces its HP to to 40 and kills its creator. They could lure it off the edge of the ship, kill it to death with magic and/or with the adamantine spear which the creator kept around just in case, or heal it enough that it stops being berserk. The reason I like that is because 1.) it feels like a big, exciting event, 2.) it gives them lots of XP to boost them through the low levels; 3.) it rewards lateral thinking more than videogame hack-and-slash mentality while not excluding the latter completely. (If they try to fight it directly it will probably down or kill one, several, or all PCs, depending on various factors. But if they lure it off the edge of the ship and then swim to safety, it won't kill anybody. Although the sharks might.)
I think D&D is the most fun when you face level-inappropriate challenges, and I'd want new players to get that feel immediately.