KarinsDad said:
The difference between Human/Half Elf and your example is that:
1) Both races are LA 0
2) Both race gain racial abilities. The Half Elf gains more racial abilities, the Human gains two which are more versatile.
Immunity to sleep spells and similar magical effects, and a +2 racial bonus on saving throws against enchantment spells or effects.
Low-Light Vision: A half-elf can see twice as far as a human in starlight, moonlight, torchlight, and similar conditions of poor illumination. She retains the ability to distinguish color and detail under these conditions.
+1 racial bonus on Listen, Search, and Spot checks.
+2 racial bonus on Diplomacy and Gather Information checks.
versus
1 extra feat at 1st level.
4 extra skill points at 1st level and 1 extra skill point at each additional level.
It takes the Human 3 to 11 levels (class dependent) to gain the skill points to make up for the Listen, Search, Spot, Diplomacy, and Gather Information skills, and by then, both characters have so many abilities going for them that it is no longer really relevant.
That leaves Low Light Vision plus +2 racial bonus on saving throws against enchantment spells or effects versus a Feat (the Sleep Immunity is not that impressive). That's pretty much a wash considering that the racial save has most of the potency of Iron Will, a feat. Most Will saves are enhancement spells (sure, there are some like Bear's Endurance Transmutation, but most characters do not want to fail those types of saving throws).
The half elf actually gets more, the human gets choice. I think the real issue comes down to people preferring choice. But, this is a perception of a balance issue more than it is an actual balance issue.
I think the problem is this.
Humans:
1 extra feat at 1st level.
4 extra skill points at 1st level and 1 extra skill point at each additional level.
Favored Class: Any
Half-Elves:
Immunity to sleep spells and similar magical effects, and a +2 racial bonus on saving throws against enchantment spells or effects.
Low-Light Vision: A half-elf can see twice as far as a human in starlight, moonlight, torchlight, and similar conditions of poor illumination. She retains the ability to distinguish color and detail under these conditions.
+1 racial bonus on Listen, Search, and Spot checks.
+2 racial bonus on Diplomacy and Gather Information checks.
Favored Class: Any
Elves:
+2 Dexterity, -2 Constitution.
Immunity to sleep, +2 saving throw bonus against enchantment spells or effects.
Low-Light Vision
Martial Weapon Proficiency feats for the longsword, rapier, longbow (including composite longbow), and shortbow (including composite shortbow).
+2 racial bonus on Listen, Search, and Spot checks.
Free Search check within 5 feet of secret doors/apatures
Favored Class: Wizard
So, let's compaire the Half-Elf vs the Elf.
Stat bonuses? Effectively a wash. Elves get a highly used stat, but loose one too.
Skill Mods? Close to identical, though Listen, Spot, and Search are useful for everyone, while Diplomacy and Gather information may be less useful for a barbarian, Wizard, or many other concepts.
Lowlight? Check. Same.
Bonus weapon proficiencies? Wait, the half elf doesn't get anything else at all? We didn't even get to the free search check.
Favored Class? well, it's a common overlooked system, but it gives a slight edge to the Half-Elf if you're going to have a disparity between 2 classes, one of which isn't the Wizard. It's not worth that much though, certiaintly not enough to overlook the 4 free martial proficiencies and the search check.
The human on the other hand gives you bonus feats and skills. For PrCs, it allows for more customizations vs and equaly statted Half-Elf, because you have a feat to blow on a prereq (So that skill focus: Perform doesn't hurt as much), and the extra skill points allow for either another maxed out skill, or a few more points to spread around. Given that ranks are often more important than the total bonus (For synergy, and definatly for PrCs), the extra ranks can mean a lot more as well.
So, yes, Half-Elves are mechanicaly inferior as well as somewhat redundant. If you need the extra skills and feat, you go human. If you don't you go Elf.
So, what do Half-Elves need? Something a bit more distinctive, or more customizable. Maybe instead of the +2 to Diplomacy and Gather Info, they get 4 bonus skill points at 1st level, or maybe a single skill that they can count as a class skill always, or something like that. That would also play to their human heritage a bit more.