History (and Background) for D&D

Offhand, there are several huge books on the Empress Theodora, married to I think Justinian. She was one hell of a woman, I can tell you! You *need* to read up on her!

You have more than convinced me, SHARK. I must find a good book on Theodora! It looks like Empress Theodora : Partner of Justinian should be out this August. Everything else is out of print. (OK, OK, I could go to a library...)

I can't believe the number of seriously cool elements crammed into Theodora's story.
 

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For evocative history that D&D players would enjoy, I can highly recommend Dungeon Fire and Sword by John J. Robinson -- templars, assassins, battles, diplomacy, daring escapes, torture -- it's got everything. And, really, how can you not read a book called Dungeon Fire and Sword?
 

mmadsen said:
From what little I know of Byzantium, it seems like an excellent model for a fantasy empire. Can anyone suggest some good books on Rome's eastern cousin?

For a very readable history, get John Julius Norwich's 3-volume set: Byzantium: The Early Centuries, Byzantium: The Apogee, and Byzantium: The Decline and Fall. Note, Norwich is not a professional historian and his books have been criticized for including stories and events that more serious historians question, but it's a very good yarn covering more palace intrigue than anyone can imagine. Skip his one-volume A Short History of Byzantium - to fit everything into one book, he had to cut out all the really interesting stuff (IMO).

For a very good, professional history look to Warren Treadgold. His Concise History of Byzantium is an excellent introduction to the topic. His work Byzantium and it's Army, 284-1081 is another interesting work, this one covering the impact of technology and politics on the army of the empire. His magnum opus, however, is A History of the Byzantine State and Society - all 900+ pages of it.

For a very biased, personal, first-hand account, pick up The Alexiad of Anna Comnena. Anna (died 1153) was daughter to Alexius I and her work provides a glimpse of the First Crusade from viewpoint of the imperial family.
 

mmadsen said:
Then I found a whole series of What Life Was Like... books from Time-Life, including ones for the Age of Chivalry, the Age of Reason, and Ancient Egypt, for just $7 each. I believe they normally cost $35.

I strongly recommend this series. I've only made time to read a couple - On the Banks of the Nile (Egypt) and Amid Splendor and Intrigue (Byzantium). Both gave outstanding views of life among the common, if slightly well-to-do, people.
 

For a good, brief introduction to the medieval period, you can't get any better than the Penguin Atlas of Medieval History.
 
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I saw a lot of good literary references from the periods under discussion.

If it helps here are some good histories from the middle ages:

For the Byzantines, and in general, I highly recommend Anna Comnena's Alexiad. She was a Byzantine princess who chronicled her father's successfull attempts to control and defend the Byzantine empire during a very stressful period.

Also includes a Greek account of the first crusade and some cool military details including a really fantastic account of a naval engagement.

Bede's Ecclessiastical History of the English Church gives you a good idea of how strange English history was early in the period and how the church related to local powers.

Gregory of Tour's History of the Franks gives you a fantastic idea of how strange and complicated the Dark Ages were, reads a lot like a modern true crime book.

Joinville's Life of St. Louis gives you a good idea of how a real life Paladin might behave, how cool a defeated military campaign can be, and how civilized and crazy mideaval warfare was.

Also, has some very good urban crime and enforcement scenes.

Saint's lives cannot be overemphasized as an important resource for gamers.

Not only are there lots of cool monsters, but there are also all sorts of awesome heroes and villains, magic, and really cool details on the reality and thought of medieval people of all classes and creeds.

The life of St. Anthony the Great written by St. Athanasius the Great has everything from really cool stories about the devil showing up to whine to great holy men to details on very early mideaval dental realities.
 

Sir Whiskers said:
For a very readable history, get John Julius Norwich's 3-volume set: Byzantium: The Early Centuries, Byzantium: The Apogee, and Byzantium: The Decline and Fall. Note, Norwich is not a professional historian and his books have been criticized for including stories and events that more serious historians question, but it's a very good yarn covering more palace intrigue than anyone can imagine. Skip his one-volume A Short History of Byzantium - to fit everything into one book, he had to cut out all the really interesting stuff (IMO).
D'oh! I picked up A Short History of Byzantium recently. (I still need to read it though.)
Sir Whiskers said:
For a very biased, personal, first-hand account, pick up The Alexiad of Anna Comnena. Anna (died 1153) was daughter to Alexius I and her work provides a glimpse of the First Crusade from viewpoint of the imperial family.
Who doesn't enjoy a good, biased, personal, first-hand account? How about Secret History by Procopius? "A scathing indictment of the emperor Justinian and his 6th-century Byzantine court by the greatest historian of the period."
 


mmadsen said:
The Malleus Maleficarum ("The Hammer of Witches"), for instance, is a famous witch-hunting manual.
This passage seems surprisingly D&D-esque:
Malleus Maleficarum said:
For our present purpose the last class of witchcraft is that which is practised in three forms by men; and first we must consider the seven deadly and horrible crimes which are committed by wizards who are archers. For first, on the Sacred Day of the Passion of Our Lord, that is to say, on Good Friday, as it is called, during the solemnization of the Mass of the Presanctified they shoot with arrows, as at a target, at the most sacred image of the Crucifix. Oh, the cruelty and injury to the Saviour! Secondly, though there is some doubt whether they have to utter a verbal form of apostasy to the devil in addition to that apostasy of deed, yet whether it be so or not, no greater injury to the Faith can be done by a Christian. For it is certain that, if such things were done by an infidel, they would be of no efficacy; for no such easy method of gratifying their hostility to the Faith is granted to them. Therefore these wretches ought to consider the truth and power of the Catholic Faith, for the confirmation of which God justly permits such crimes.

Thirdly, such an archer has to shoot three or four arrows in this way, and as a consequence he is able to kill on any day just the same number of men.

Fourthly, they have the following assurance from the devil; that though they must first actually set eyes on the man they wish to kill, and must bend their whole will on killing him, yet it matter not where the man may shut himself up, for he cannot be protected, but the arrows which have been shot will be carried and struck into him by the devil.

Fifthly, they can shoot an arrow with such precision as to shoot a penny from a person's head without hurting his head, and they can continue to do this indefinitely.

Sixthly, in order to gain this power they have to offer homage of body and soul to the devil. We shall give some instances of this sort of practice.

For a certain prince of the Rhineland, named Eberhard Longbeard because he let his beard grow, had, before he was sixty years old, acquired for himself some of the Imperial territory, and was besieging a certain castle named Lendenbrunnen because of the raids which were made by the men of the castle. And he had in his company a wizard of this sort, named Puncker, who so molested the men of the castle that he killed them all in succession with his arrows, except one. And this is how he proceeded. Whenever he had looked at a man, it did not matter where that man went to or hid himself, he had only to loose an arrow and that man was mortally wounded and killed; and he was able to shoot three such arrows every day because he had shot three arrows at the image of the Saviour. It is probable that the devil favours the number three more than any other, because it represents an effective denial of the Holy Trinity. But after he had shot those three arrows, he could only shoot with the same uncertainty as other men. At last one of the men of the castle called out to him mockingly, “Puncker, will you not at least spare the ring which hangs in the gate?” And he answered from outside in the night, “No; I shall take it away on the day that the castle is captured.” And he fulfilled his promise: for when, as has been said, all were killed except one, and the castle had been taken, he took that ring and hung it in his own house at Rorbach in the diocese of Worms, where it can be seen hanging to this day. But afterwards he was one night killed with their spades by some peasants whom he had injured, and he perished in his sins.

It is told also of this man, that a very eminent person wished to have proof of his skill, and for a test placed his little son before the target with a penny on his cap, and ordered him to shoot the penny away without removing the cap. The wizard said that he would do it, but with reluctance, not being sure whether the devil was seducing him to his death. But, yielding to the persuasions of the prince, he placed one arrow in readiness in the cord which was slung over his should, fitted another to his bow, and shot the penny from the cap without hurting the boy. Seeing this, the prince asked him why he had placed the arrow in that cord; and he answered: “If I had been deceived by the devil and had killed my son, since I should have had to die I would quickly have shot you with the other arrow to avenge my death.”

And though such wickedness is permitted by God for the proving and chastisement of the faithful, nevertheless more powerful miracles are performed by the Saviour's mercy for the strengthening and glory of the Faith.
 

In addition to all the history books mentioned here, I've come up with another interesting source of historical flavor. Historical mysteries. I've found that mystery novels set in places like ancient Rome, Byzantium and places like that are good places to get a feel for various societies. Certainly one good enough for a game. Some of my favorites have been Lindsey Davis' "Falco" books (Rome and all corners of the empire), Rosemary Rowe's "Libertus" Mysteries (Roman Britain) and Mary Reed's "John the Eunich" Mysteries (Set in Justinian and Theodora's Byzantium -- The title character is Justinian's Chamberlain).
 

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