How many D&D versions have there been?

A very good site for some details on stuff like this is www.acaeum.com

Do remember that some of the versions you mention overlap, as mentioned above. AD&D 1st Edition started in 1977, with the Monster Manual (the 1e PHB came out in 1978, and the DMG came out in '79).
 

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Well, again, Edition compatibility wasn't really the kind of issue it is now. When new or different versions of D&D were released in teh 70s and 80s, they weren't trying to make completely new editions. TSR was simply trying to streamline, simplify, systemize, or clarify the rules. The new editions weren't thought of as complete revamps. 3rd edition was the first time D&D was revamped from the ground up.

The short answer is the editions were loosely compatible, but there were some marked differences. OD&D Second Edition (which I know mostly from the 1981/Moldvay and 1983 versions) was in many ways simplified AD&D, with fewer options.

You could use D&D modules (like B2, Keep on the BOrderlands) in AD&D very easily, and vice versa. However, the difference became larger at higher levels.
 


Arbiter of Wyrms said:
I did't realize that. When I started playing (c.'97), there was only AD&D 2nd ed.
When AD&D came out, TSR still supported "Basic D&D" maintaining that Advanced Dungeons and Dragons was a distinctly different game than Dungeons and Dragons, and while they had a lot of similar rules, they were marketed concurrently and were not entirely compatible. The marketing idea was that "D&D" was for kids just getting into the game and casual fans who might play on rare occasion, while "AD&D" was for older players who were much more serious and dedicated, in practice this eventually grew to be that AD&D was the version most people played (since most gamers didn't want to think of themselves as playing the simplified version) and D&D was mostly a (slightly misleading) introductory route into AD&D (playing in my first AD&D 2e game after only reading the D&D rules, since I told the DM I knew how to play "D&D" when he asked me if I wanted to join, so I had a lot of mistakes and catch-up learning to do at my first session).

The AD&D lineage is very well documented, since the current 3.5 descends from it, and it was the most popular and widely known version, but the "Basic D&D" which evolved separatlely from the Original D&D into the boxed sets and later into the Rules Cyclopedia was sold at the same time at least into the early 90's.

As some limited examples of how different "Basic D&D" was from AD&D: In Basic D&D Clerics didn't even get spellcasting until 2nd level! All the "demihuman" races were a class to themselves, if you were an Elf or a Dwarf, that was your character class (all Dwarves were fighters, all Elves were Fighter/Mages). Alignment only had Law and Chaos (although Lawfulness was presumed to be good, and Chaos was presumed to be Evil). Instead of normal progression ending at 20th level, Basic D&D went to 36th (where your character could become an Immortal and start getting levels as a godling). Instead of "Gods" you had "Immortals" which were plentiful and were even meant to be playable as PC's, and a clear way to "win" (Become a 36th level PC, become an Immortal, level up to the highest possible level of Immortal, surrender your immortality to become a 1st level mortal again, and then go all the way back up to re-earn your highest level of immortality, then you "win" as your character is consumed by a sentient, indestructable sphere of annihilation (remember the "Umbral Blot, a.k.a. Blackball" from the Epic Level Handbook? It's the source of that creature) and ascends to a new incomprehensible level of power & awareness).

Back in the late '90's when it was current, our group even then called Skills & Powers "2.5" because it seemed like such a big jump ahead in design it didn't seem like the same old edition (and in hindsight it did show design fingerprints towards 3.0).
 


wingsandsword,
So, was Basic D&D just a long-lived version of the D&D Adventure game (yellow box with iconic party) or that newer version I see in the bookstore sometimes with the miniatures included: just a toned-down version to give to your sister's kids at Christmas because you think they might eventually want to play the 'real' game?
 


Arbiter of Wyrms said:
How about Basic? Is that a distinct version?

Basic D&D is quite different from all editions of AD&D. Most of the differences are simplicity. I think wingsandsword summarized the differences above. Overall, there were fewer options. Halfelves, halforcs, and Gnomes weren't available as races. There were fewer classes. The spell lists were smaller. the newly released 'Basic Game' boxed set is a similar comparison, though I think Basic D&D was more complete than the Basic Game is.

However, the differences didn't make the edition incompatible wth AD&D.


Let me try to demonstrate the differences by comparing some statbocks. Here's an example of a Basic D&D statbloc from the module B6--The Veiled Society

Beggars (10) (1st level thieves): AC 7; MV
40'; HD 1; hp 3; #AT 1; D 1-4 or 1-8; Save
T1; M 6; AL N


To convert this to AD&D, you would have to make a few minor changes. AD&D thieves had d6 HD, rather than d4, so you need to give them an HP or two. You might adjust the weapon damage, but that would simply depend of choice of weapon. Otherwise, the statblock is useable as is in AD&D.

Here's anohter Statbloc from the same module:

Cleric (3rd level): AC 5; MV 30'; HD 2; hp
14; #AT 1; D 1-6; Save C3; ML 10; AL C;
Spells light, cure light wounds


Here, the main change to convert it to AD&D is to give the character a 2nd level spell. Also, the alignment would need to me made into something either evil (most likely) or chaotic, or both. FInally, again, AD&D Clerics had d8 for HD, rather than d6 in Basic D&D.
 

Arguably there are two distinct versions of Basic D&D: Holmes, and Moldvay/Cook. (Holmes is the earlier version which is distinguished from other early D&D versions by such details as alignment system and DEX-based initiative, and is perhaps somewhat more compatible with 1e AD&D). Moldvay/Cook is the game which was later expanded by people such as Frank Mentzer to go all the way up to Immortal levels; it was collected together, re-edited and published as the Rules Cyclopedia. Holmes D&D seems to have been abandoned.

Arguably the 1976 game Empire of the Petal Throne is another unique and entirely distinctive "version" of D&D.

The other point of view is that there are only two versions of D&D: Pre - 3.0 and post - 3.0. This is my belief.
 

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